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Abstract
Acute leukemia is a heterogeneous hematological malignant disease.According to the French–American–British (FAB) criteria, AL are classified into ALL and AML. The latter must be distinguished from ALL at diagnosis because the therapeutic strategies and prognosis vary considerably between ALL and AML.Immunophenotypic identification of leukemic specific antigens is an important diagnostic tool in the management of patients with acute leukemia AL). These antigens allow determination of cell of origin and degree of differentiation of leukemia blasts.Cytochemical staining serves to detect the location and activity of cellular substances and enzyme systems. So, play a key role in the classification of leukemia.Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia AML). MPO activity or expression could be detected by different method but the conventional cytochemical method for MPO is observation under
light microscopy.This work aimed to clarify whether cytochemical detection of myeloperoxidase still has a place when flow cytometric techniques are available. To achieve this aim, myeloperoxidase was tested by cytochemical technique to be compared with the detection by flow cytometry.The study included 30 patients suffered from acute leukemia and classified into 2 groups. Group 1: including 19 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia with the mean age 44.92 ±19.62 (range 1.5- 70 years), group 2: including 11 patients with acute lymphblastic leukemia with mean age 18.65 ± 23.98 (range 1.10-68 years.The selection of the 30 AL patients was based on confirmation of the diagnosis as AL by examination of blood counts and blood smears for detection of peripheral blood presentation of blast cells, if present, and detection of bone marrow infiltration by examination of bone marrow aspiration.