الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Scarcity of water resources has become a serious problem not only for irrigation but
also for urban water supply. The primary purpose of urban water distribution systems is to
provide water satisfying consumer demands at adequate pressures at the lowest possible
cost. A water distribution system consists mainly of water sources, pipelines, pumps,
storage tanks, and different types of valves.
Techniques for optimal design of water distribution network ensure an economical
solution satisfying the design water demands and pressures. Meanwhile, leak detection
techniques ensure minimizing water losses from the system. Recent studies shows that
about 36 percent of all treated water pumped in Alexandria distribution systems is lost
through either leakage or unaccounted metering. The need for an integrated model for
optimal design and leak quantifying of water distribution networks is therefore obvious.
In the present study a computer-based water distribution network design utility,
named Integrated Water Distribution Network Design and Calibration Utility (IWDCU),
has been developed. It is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis and design tool for
water distribution networks. IWDCU tackles three main applications in the field of Water
Distribution Network (WDN), these are (ELGTnet), (EAnet), and (EAcalib).
The first application (ELGTnet) addresses hydraulic analysis for both looped and branched
networks. The application can handle different components including pumps, tanks, and
valves considering both steady IU\d extended period simulation. Furthermore, based on
Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), (EAnet) is a computer-based technique for the optimal
hydraulic design of (WON) that satisfies both design demands and pressures at all network
nodes with lowest possible cost. Also a procedure to determine unaccounted water
quantities lost either by leakage from the network or due to faulty water meters are
determined through the application of the presented program (EAcalib). For the above
mentioned three computer applications, mathematical modeling was combined with
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) application for better data visualization and for
best performance for the three applications.
The first application, (ELGTnet), was applied to carryout hydraulic analysis for four
different pipeline networks and close results were obtained in shorter computational time
when compared with the results obtained by the well known software EP Anet. The second
application, (EAnet), was applied for the optimal design of five different networks
including an irrigation pipeline network supplying 5000 feddans. The third application
(EAcalib) was used to determine leak quantities from pipelines and identify faulty meters
in Faisal block in Alexandria.