الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Scarcity of water resources has become a serious problem not only for irrigation but also for urban water supply. The primary purpose of urban water distribution systems is to provide water satisfying consumer demands at adequate pressures at the lowest possible cost. A water distribution system consists mainly of water sources, pipelines, pumps, storage tanks, and different types of valves. Techniques for optimal design of water distribution network ensure an economical solution satisfying the design water demands and pressures. Meanwhile, leak detection techniques ensure minimizing water losses from the system. Recent studies shows that about 36 percent of all treated water pumped in Alexandria distribution systems is lost through either leakage or unaccounted metering. The need for an integrated model for optimal design and leak quantifying of water distribution networks is therefore obvious. In the present study a computer-based water distribution network design utility, named Integrated Water Distribution Network Design and Calibration Utility (IWDCU), has been developed. It is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis and design tool for water distribution networks. IWDCU tackles three main applications in the field of Water Distribution Network (WDN), these are (ELGTnet), (EAnet), and (EAcalib). The first application (ELGTnet) addresses hydraulic analysis for both looped and branched networks. The application can handle different components including pumps, tanks, and valves considering both steady IU\d extended period simulation. Furthermore, based on Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), (EAnet) is a computer-based technique for the optimal hydraulic design of (WON) that satisfies both design demands and pressures at all network nodes with lowest possible cost. Also a procedure to determine unaccounted water quantities lost either by leakage from the network or due to faulty water meters are determined through the application of the presented program (EAcalib). For the above mentioned three computer applications, mathematical modeling was combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) application for better data visualization and for best performance for the three applications. The first application, (ELGTnet), was applied to carryout hydraulic analysis for four different pipeline networks and close results were obtained in shorter computational time when compared with the results obtained by the well known software EP Anet. The second application, (EAnet), was applied for the optimal design of five different networks including an irrigation pipeline network supplying 5000 feddans. The third application (EAcalib) was used to determine leak quantities from pipelines and identify faulty meters in Faisal block in Alexandria. |