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Abstract
The concept of a memory impairment developing with aging has been discussed in literature for many years.
Sub clinical dementia or Mild cognitive impairment has come to represent a transitional state between the cognitive changes of aging and the earliest clinical features of dementia in which a person has problems with any of essential cognitive functions that are severe enough to be noticeable to others and show up on tests but not severe enough to interfere with daily life. Sub clinical dementia is much more common than dementia.
The most common etiology of MCI is degeneration ,while it could also be as a result of other conditions such as ischemia or hippocampal sclerosis. Age, low educational level and others are risk factors for MCI.
Extra cellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are the main pathological features of MCI. MCI highly converts to dementia and has a predictor for progression which is apolipoprotein E-4 (APOE-4) carriers.
Many lines of therapy is tried to treat MCI as cholinesrtase inhibitors and immunization with amyloid peptide.
The aim of the this work was to detect the prevalence of subclinical dementia in Mansoura city.
A cross-sectional study was performed on a randomized sample of 100 elderly subjects 60 years old and above, both males and females. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was done for every subject. Cognitive assessment was done by Mini-mental status examination (MMSE) to exclude dementia. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Mattis Organic Mental syndrome screening examination (MOMSSE) were used to diagnose MCI.
The results showed that prevalence of MCI in Mansoura city was 32%. Prevalence of MCI appears to be more among subjects with advanced age, those with low education and hypertensive patient. On the other hand, other chronic illnesses, functional impairment and depressive symptoms have no effect on MCI prevalence.
We concluded that MCI is a highly prevalent condition among elderly population in Mansoura city. Age, low educational level and hypertension are the main risk factors.
Future studies are recomended to determine the prevalence of MCI in other cities and areas in order to estimate its real prevalence in Egypt.
Implementing programs and Screening for elderly by MOCA test are recommended to spread awareness about MCI among Egyptian elderly and their caregivers for early detection of MCI.