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Abstract
The environmental impact on the groundwater system in the Eastern Nile Delta has
become noticeable due to the growing of population and increasing of agricultural and
industrial activities. Accordingly the Ministry of Water Resource and Irrigation
(MWRI) planned to supply surface water to the agricultural reclamation projects in
groundwater developed areas in the Eastern Nile Delta fringes. It was done by
constructing branches canals out from Ismailia Canal to the Eastern Nile Delta which
is one of the most dynamic and highly changing areas in Egypt for the last three
decades. The area has been affected by many natural and human activities. The main
factors responsible for these environmental changes are: a) increase in the total
cultivated areas; b) changes in the irrigation system for many parts from circular
irrigation system to the traditional irrigation system after reclamation; c) decreasing
the total desert area; d) active urbanization processes. The major part of the excess
irrigation water which recharges the ground water in reclaimed desert areas flows
towards the low lying old land in the Eastern Nile Delta and increase water table in
these areas. In addition, the current activities in the urbanization areas also have a
negative impact on the quality of groundwater.