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Abstract The present investigation was concerned with damping— off diseases of wheat incited by fungi associated with grains in Upper Egypt. Results of this study can be summarized as following: — Twenty seven fungai species belonging to fourteen genera were found to be associated with wheat grain sanip— les collected from different localities in Upper Egypt. The most frequent fungi were Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternate however, the least frequent ones were Fusarium spp., Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani. 2 - Number of fungi obtained from wheat grains varied by locality, New Valley Governorate gave the highest number of fungi followed by Assiut then Sohag and finally Kena and El—Minia Governorates. 3 - Alternaria alternata, C. lunate, F. Spp., Drechslera spp., and R. solani caused post-emergence damping—off on Stork, Giza 164, Giza 160 and Sakha 69 wheat cul— tivars. However, the tested fungi except F. sanibu— cinum and F. oxysporurn caused pre-emergence damping-j off. 4 — Fungi varied in their ‘athogenicity in the tested wheat cultivars. The highest incidence of pre-emergence |