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Abstract Cotton root rot is caused by a complex of seedborne and soil- inhabiting fungi. It may occur as seedling death before or after emergence and as root damage. Root rot in the early stages of growth is often referred to as seedling disease complex. Several of the fungi contributing to seedling disease complex have been implicated in root rot of older plants. This is only to be expected as older surviving plants may still bear lesions of the original seedling infection. The present study addresses the problem of cotton root rot only during the seedling stage because roots of cotton are extremely vulnerable to attack by fungi during this period. The results of the present study could be summarized in the following points: (1) A total of 79 samples of cotton seedlings infected with postemergence damping-off or rotted roots of adult plants were obtained from cotton-producing areas in Upper Egypt governorates. The mean percentage of fungal recovery from these samples was affected by location, sampling date, cultivar, and previous crop. In general, Fusarium spp. (isolated from 94.9% of the samples examined at the isolation frequency of 45.3%) were the most dominant fungi present, while the other fungi occurred at frequencies ranged from 2 to 15.5%. (2) Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among frequencies of some of the isolated fungi; however, patterns of association among the frequencies were affected location, sampling date, eultivar, and previous crop. |