الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The respiratory system structurally consists of two portions: the upper respiratory system, which includes nose, pharynx and associated structures ,and the lower respiratory system which includes larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Anomalies may affect any part of it and they are important causes of morbidity in infants, children, and even adults. Despite the apparently similar presentations of anomalies of the nose, these anomalies vary in their nature and position and classified into four categories include: Type I - Hypoplasia and atrophy Type II - Hyperplasia and duplications Type III - Clefts Type IV - Neoplasms and vascular anomalies. |