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Abstract
The genetic material used in this investigation comprised seven genotypes [Giza 83,Giza 45, F1, SF2 plants, TF2 plants of the hybrid Giza 83 x Giza 45 and check varities (Giza 90 and Dendera)] of the Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. 2n=52). Giza 45 variety exhibited the least values of boll weight, No. of open bolls/plant, lint percentage, proline content and seed cotton yield/plant compared to the other genotypes under the two experiments (pots and El-Maghara region). The results indicated that agronomic and physiological characteristics were more sensitive to salinity than the technological one’s. Both SDS-PAGE of soluble proteins and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were employed to evaluate, the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among studied genotypes. Five random 10-mer primers were used to amplify DNA. Similarity matrix was generated from the RAPD analysis; its values ranged from 0.058 to 0.990. The salt-sensitive parent (Giza 45) and the sensitive F2 bulk, exhibited two negative PCR-RAPD markers with molecular sizes of 2489 and 1875 bp using primer OP-Z15. The tolerant parent (Giza 83) and the tolerant F2 bulk exhibited three positive molecular markers with molecular sizes of 317, 1507 and 2137 bp with OP-Z07 and OP-Z15 primers . Giza 90 and Dendera (the two check varieties) seemed to be salt-tolerant genotypes as they exhibited a positive molecular marker (1507 bp) with primer Z15. In conclusion, the negative markers can be used as indicators to distinguish the salt-sensitive cotton lines in breeding programs.