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Abstract
Background
Over the past century, there has been an exponential increase in the number of female
athletes both for competitive and/or recreational facilities. Beside many beneficial effects
of exercise; it may cause some female athletes lifelong health problems. Three of these
health problems include disordered eating behavior (DEB), amenorrhea and osteoporosis;
collectively defined as the Female Athlete Triad (Triad) by the American College of
Sports Medicine. It is unclear to what extent girls and women engaged in physical
activity at different levels are at risk of the Triad. Therefore, the present study went
beyond evaluation of the Triad components and evaluated disordered eating, signs of
menstrual dysfunction, and stress fractures as surrogate measures for being at-risk for
developing the Triad.
Aim
The aim of this study was to identify the risk pattern of developing Female Athlete Triad
syndrome among secondary school students with different levels m-ptiysJcalactivity.
Methodology
This is a comparative study in which two groups of secondary school girls were
interviewed; 120 girls from Port-Said secondary school representing the physically active
group and 119 girls from Port-Fouad secondary school representing the non-physically
active one. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire including the Arabic version
of Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT -26), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), 24-hour recall
dietary history, menstrual history, International Physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ),
skeletal, injury history and anthropometric measurements (weight and height).
Results
In this study, the participants in both groups were at risk for developing the Triad
(according the at-risk criteria of this study) with slightly higher percentage among
participants in NPA group (25.2 % vs. 24.2 %).physically active group had a statistically
significant higher percentage of girls at risk for developing the Triad compared to non
physically active group, regarding to the menstrual disturbances (18.3 % and 5.0%
respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two
groups concerning the disordered eating behaviour, with the non physically active group
having a higher percentage compared to the physically active group (27.7 % and 20%
respectively). Regarding stress fractures, 1.7% of physically active participants reported
bone fractures on trivial trauma compared to none of the non physically active
participants.
Conclusion
Physically active and non-physically active girls are at risk for developing one or more
component of the Triad.