الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, the effect of magnetic field on human blood was studied. The effect of direct and alternating magnetic field on blood viscosity and erythrocytes aggregation was studied.
A device was designed and constructed to measure blood viscosity and another devise to measure erythrocytes aggregation. The first device was constructed to produce alternating magnetic field from 16 mT to 47 mT and direct magnetic field from 23.2 mT to 102.2 mT. The device consists of cylindrical magnetic coil wounded from 0.4 mm isolated cupper wire with 100 turn per cm, total length of 30 cm and cross sectional area of 5 cm, the cylindrical magnetic coil was connected to the 220 v main supply voltage through a variac to supply the designed coil with different values of input voltage. The different values of input voltage produce different values of alternating magnetic field in the coil. The capillary tube containing the blood sample was placed in the center of the designed coil to be affected by maximum alternating magnetic field effect. To prevent the error duo to overheat on the blood sample and protect the designed coil, a cooling system was designed using running water in glass tube around the capillary tube and in-contact with the designed coil. A bridge (AC to DC converter) and a limiting current resistance connected in series with the coil to produce direct current magnetic field.
The second device consists of a coil designed to produce magnetic field intensity (B) in the range of 0.5 to 15 mT AC/DC in order to monitoring the erythrocyte aggregation in a static and alternating magnetic field. The coil was cuboids of iron core with a gap in one of its sides and 600 turns/m of copper wire in other side. The chamber of laser transmission technique was placed in the gap of the cuboids iron core. To produce static magnetic field, the coil was connected to a direct source of current, and in case of alternating magnetic field, the coil was connected to alternating source. The magnetic field intensity in the gap was varied by changing the values of current applied and then magnetic field intensity (B) was measured in the center of the coil’s gap by using tesla meter. A bridge (AC to DC converter) and a limiting current resistance connected in series with the coil to produce direct current magnetic field. Another test was taken by replacing the magnetic coil with permanent magnet with field intensity 4.3µT. the erythrocyte samples was evaluated for determination of erythrocytes aggregation.
In order to study erythrocytes aggregation by using Microscopic study, in this method, 20µl of erythrocytes suspension sample was placed on the top of a microscopic slide and placed inside the permanent magnet making an angle of 300 with the horizontal line. An image capture system was used to study and analyze the slide. The imaging capture system was consisted of CCD camera and inverted microscope.
Also, in relative viscosity measurements, the samples tested was whole blood treated with EDTA as anti coagulant, but in case of erythrocytes aggregation, the samples were collected in test tube treated with EDTA as anti coagulant and immediately centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes. After careful removals of plasma and the buffy coat, erythrocytes f washed three times with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) and finally volume of Phosphate Buffer Saline was added to yield 25% erythrocytes concentration suspension.
from the study we conclude that:
Increase of relative viscosity of normal blood with the increasing of both direct and alternating magnetic field intensity.
The values of erythrocytes aggregation rate in alternating magnetic field are much greater that in case of direct magnetic field.
Similar the values of erythrocytes aggregation size in alternating magnetic field are much greater that in case of direct magnetic field and also greater with respect to control.
from our study we conclude that we must avoid the exposure of direct or alternative magnetic field for a long time due to the effect on increasing in blood viscosity and increasing RBC’s aggregation which may lead to thrombosis. So the hart pulses may decrease making stagnation in blood flow which in terms increase the possibility of thrombosis.