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Abstract
The fovea is defined anatomically as that part of the retina
where there is sudden change in its internal surface, forming
a clivus. It is 1500 urn in diameter. The foveola is 350 urn in
diameter being formed only by the outer three retinal layers;
it does not require retinal blood supply. So, the foveal
avascular zone which is 350-750 urn in diameter is present to
optimize the optical image.
Diabetic maculopathy describes the insult to the macula
during the course of DR. Diabetic maculopathy is considered
as the leading cause of treatable visual loss in patients with
diabetic retinopathy. It affects about 10% of the diabetic
population. Prevalence of diabetic macular edema increase’s
with increasing the duration of diabetes and retinopathy
severity. Highest incidence of macular edema was found in
old onset patients taking insulin.
Macular edema is considered when retinal thickening is
within 1 DD of the center of the macula. CSME is the edema
threatening or involving the center of the macula; its
diagnosis is based on clinical examination regardless of VA
or F AA. Controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, cardiac and
renal failures are important adjuncts. However,
photocoagulation is the most effective way to treat diabetic
maculopathy.