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Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the efficacy of two types of anticoccidial drugs which are used nowdays in the field, maduramycin (ionophorous group) and diclazuril (chemical group) against two local field isolates of E. tenella from two different governorates (Matrouh and El-Behera) in two battery trials independently.
Three hundred and sixty, one-day old unsexed Avian 48, broiler chicks were used in both experiments 1 and 2.
Each experiment composed of six treatments each of three replicates wach of ten birds.
All birds, except non infected groups, infected with 25*103 oocysts/bird by crop inoculation at 14 days of age. Drugs tested were added to ration at two days before infection till the end of experiments.
The performance of experimental birds was observed over 2 weeks post infection (P.I).
The criteria used for evaluation of anticoccidial drugs were Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality %, lesion score, oocyst index, fecal score and oocyst count.
Global Resistance Index (GI) that comprised of weight gain %, FCR (g/g), lesion score, oocyst index and mortality % was used to determine sensitivity of E. tenella isolates to tested drugs. The GIs of individual groups were given as a percentage of corresponding GI of NNC
from results of experiment 1. (testing the efficacy of maduramycin):
It was clear that infection with Matrouh isolate significantly reduced average total weight gain D0 to d+14 P.I than non infected non medicated group (NNC).
Maduramycin improve weight gain on group infected with Matrouh isolate significantly but still lower than NNC while it didn’t cause any significant effect on el-Behera isolate.]
Infection with Matrouh isolate significantly reduced average total feed consumption D0 to D+14 P.I than non infected non medicated group (NNC) while El-Behera isolate had no significant effect on feed consumption.
Matrouh isolate increased average total FCR D0 to d+14 P.I significantly than NNC and infection with El-Behera isolate, while maduramycin had good effect on Matrouh isolate by improving FCR.
Matrouh isolate was more pathogenic than El-Behera isolate on reduction of weight gain, feed consumption and increasing FCR.
Infection with either Matrouh or El-Behera isolates either with or without maduramycin resulted in 3.3% mortality rate.
Both isolates gave equal lesion score, oocyst index and faecal score and maduramycin gave good control on lesion score of matrouh isolate while not affected on that of el-Behera isolate but reduced oocyst index and faecal score.
El-Behera isolate produced more oocyst count production than Matrouh isolate and maduramycin reduced it significantly on both isolates.
Regarding experiment 2. (testing the efficacy of diclazuril):
There was no significant differences on weight gain at all periods of test except at acute atege of infection D0 to D+7 P.I on all treatments on which infection with Matrouh isolate reduced weight gain significantly than El-Behera isolate and NNC. Diclazuril had good effect on Matrouh isolate by improving weight gainat this stage.
There was no any significant differences bet feed consumption of all treatments .
Matrouh isolate increased average total FCR D0 to D+14 P.I significantly than El-Behera isolate and NNC and diclazuril significantly improved FCR of infected (Matrouh isolate) group while El-Behera isolate had no effect on FCR in comparison with NNC.
Matrouh and El-Behera isolates gave nearly equal lesion score and diclazuril had no significant effect on it while Matrouh isolate gave oocust index (++++) and El-Behera isolate gave (+++) and diclazuril reduced it on both isolates.
Infection with Matrouh with or without diclazuril resulted in 3.3 % mortality rate in comparison with El-Behera isolate (0%).
Diclazuril had good effect on reduction of oocyst count of both isolates but it reduced faecal score of Matrouh isolate only at 5th to 7th days P.I while not affect faecal score of El-Behera isolate.
By calculating GI of individual study groups as a percentage of the corresponding GI of the NNC it was 77.83% of NNC for Matrouh isolate treated with maduramycin (limited efficacy), 81.51% of NNC for El-Behera isolate treated with maduramycin (good efficacy) while that of Matrouh isolate treated with diclazuril 85.05% of NNC (good efficacy) while El-Behera isolate treated with diclazuril 92.54% of NNC (very good efficacy).
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