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Abstract
The tanning and finished leather industries are the fifth largest industrial sector in Egypt, with approximately two-thirds owned by small businesses. Egyptian product from tanned leather is 125 – 130 million cubic meters per year. The by-products of tanning industry can cause significant pollution unless treated prior to discharge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various components of raw tannery wastewaters as well as the composite wastewater are toxic, which would result in many associated environmental problems when and where improperly disposed. The main goal of the present thesis is to investigate – through theoretical and practical means – the possibility of applying innovative low cost treatment process (mainly viewed in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket – UASB) in providing adequate treatment for tannery wastewater. There are indeed other complementary treatment steps to help meeting the discharge effluent quality to the limits of the Egyptian Law No. 93 for year 1962 for draining into public sewerage system (amended by the Ministerial Decree and its Executive Regulation No. 44 for the year 2000). The study extends to the investigation of the viability of using one or two stages of the proposed UASB as the core treatment process. A pilot plant system was installed to treat tannery wastewater in an Egyptian tannery (Piel Color tannery – located in El Menoufiya Governorate). The pilot system is based on three steps of treatment: chemical, physical and biological (anaerobic) treatment. The objective of applying chemical and physical treatment is the removal of Cr3 (that is toxic to biomass used for any following biological treatment.