الفهرس 
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Abstract
Certain ectoparasl tes of birds ctu.:LIIY!><Ittl;”, dead (’”,11, of the
skin and its ilppcndoges (e.g. 1ice). for many of them tbe skin
rner ely serves as a convenl tent rned Ulil through whlch bey drew blood
or lymph l::r1d from which they ob lin ,”,’ mrh and shelter.
EctOpClI asites rnay be closely con ie,~”,(1 10 t~elr host duri’lg the onr irc
life cycle (bird lice) with tran.smlss!(m tacking place by host nor: (act.
Others wclldEr frc,=,ly from bird to bi1tJ. Varlntlon in habi es are .rnpor rant
w hen COli tr [II measu res are to be cons id tred (H 01 Sl<\d, 1972).
Soft ricks (Argasidae), preVj()LJ~lr known as Argas ~in~ (Oken)
Cum man name: fow I tick ] al’;; tll~ most important ticks of poultry,
Bird, sutter to the greasiest degrf’f’ ~rom attacks of thes” ticks , during
the \\,’i\ r rn dry season, The lu~~ of blood rnay reach propor uon of a fa te I
anemia, At least there may l”” em~¢iatjon. weakness, 51o,,’ growth and
lowered production. Ruffled feathers, ppm appetite and diarrneil are syrnpterns
~l1gge~ting tick infest ation. The fowl tick is the most impcrtanj
poultry ectoparstte in many tropical ceuntries {Raid, 1’156 and Chaudbury,
1%0’ being a limiting Jactor in soccessrut reari~ of :;tandard breeds
..,I poultry. Turkeys usually suffer eve •.• more then chickens and recently
hatched poults chicks Show highe~t mortality, These ticks cusc skin blemlshes
orr turkys reducing market pr ice, The fowl tick is capable of transmittirrg
the highly pathQ~Il ir: spir<x;heta( Borrelia anser irna }in many parts
of the world (BurroL!f:hs, 1~1j71. Fowl t:id;~ also transmit AegyptianelJa
Pullorurn and rowl cholera, Pasteurella multocida (Chaudhury, I%O}. Tick
paralysis in chickens a Ilacid afebrile motor paralysis, may result from
attacks by the fowl tick resulting from Il reactlon to =.Iiv<l-ry secretions,