الفهرس 
ِAcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 244 |  |  |
| | | from | 244 | | |
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop alternative therapeutic modalities for treatment of osteoporosis in order to avoid the serious side effects of the traditional hormone replacement therapy for primary osteoporosis.
The present study was conducted on 112 adult female Spargue Dauley rats which were classified into following groups (8 rats/group):
group (1): Gonad intact control group which was oreally administered with saline (1 ml/rat) daily for three months.
group (2): Ovariectomized control group which was orally administered with saline (1ml/rat)daily for three months.
group (3): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with 10% lactose solution (1ml/rat) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (4): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-lysine (1.26 g/kg b.wt.) dissolved in saline (Hong-Ping and Bao-Shan., 1999) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (5): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-lysine (1.26 g/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 10% lactose daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (6): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-arginine (500 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in saline (Gupta et al., 2005) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (7): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-arginine (500 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 10% lactose daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (8): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-glutamine (3.2 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in saline (Ann et al., 2004) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (9): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-glutamine (3.2 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 10% lactose daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (10): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with taurine (50 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in saline (Cetiner et al., 2005) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (11): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with taurine (50 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 10% lactose daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (12): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-lysine (1.26 mg/kg b.wt.), L-arginine (500 mg/kg b.wt.), L-glutamine (3.2 mg/kg b.wt.) and taurine (50 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in saline daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (13): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with L-lysine (1.26 mg/kg b.wt.), L-arginine (500 mg/kg b.wt.), L-glutamine (3.2 mg/kg b.wt.) and taurine (50 mg/kg b.wt.) dissolved in 10% lactose daily for three months after three months of surgery.
group (14): Ovariectomized group which was orally administered with bisphosphonate (5 mg/kg b.wt.) (Morony et al., 2005) daily for three months after three months of surgery.
Serum Ca, P, PTH, OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels were determined. BMD and BMC of right femur bone of rats in all groups were measured. Histological investigation of left femur bone tissue of rats in all groups was also carried out.
The results of the present study were as follows:
Ovariectomy caused significant deacrease in serum Ca, P, OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels in concomitant with significant increase in PTH level. DEXA measurements revealed that ovariectomy produced decrease in BMD as well as BMC of proximal, mid and distal areas of right femur bone. Histological investigation of bone tissue sections of left femur of ovariectomized rats showed a reduction in the composition and thickiness of trabecular bone.
Treatment of ovariectomized rats with lysine dissolved in saline showed significant increase in serum OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels in concomitant with non-significant decrease in serum PTH level. However, lysine administration produced non-significant increase in serum Ca, P and BAP levels. Treatment with lysine dissolved in lactose induce significant increase in serum OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels. Beside that it produced significant decrease in serum PTH level. Non-significant increase in serum Ca and P levels was detected in ovariectomized rats treated with lysine in lactose. DEXA measurement revealed that the treatment with lysine dissolved in same or lactose treatment caused non-significant increase in BMD and BMC of proximal, mid and distal areas as well as BMC. The sections of left femur of ovariectomized rats treated with lysine in saline or lactose showed increase in the thickness of the bony trabiculae.
Treatment of ovariectomized rats with arginine dissolved in saline or in lactose caused significant increase in serum OC, 1,25 (oH02 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels. While, they showed significant decrease in serum PTH level. Non-significant increase in serum Ca and P levels was detected. BMD and BMC measurements revealed that treatment with arginine dissolved in saline produced non-significant increase in BMD and BMC of proximal, mid and distal areas except BMC of distal area which showed significant increase. Treatment with arginine dissolved in lactose showed significant increase in BMD of proximal and mid areas. While, BMD of distal area showed non-significant increase. With respect to BMC of proximal area treatment with this arginine in lactose casued significant increase in this area and produced non-significant increase in BMC of mid and distal areas. The histopathological investigations of bone sections of left femur revealed that treatment with arginine dissolved in saline or lactose showed increase in the thickness of the bony trabeculae.
Treatment of ovariectomized rats with glutamine dissolved in saline or in lactose showed significant increase in serum OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels in concomitant with significant decrease in serum PTH level. Moreover, glutamine treatments produced non-significant increase in Ca and P levels. DEXA measurement revealed that glutamine treatments casued significant increase in BMD of proximal and mid areas and BMC of proximal and distal areas. Treatment with glutamine in lactose produced significant increase in BMD of mid and distal areas. Glutamine treatments produced non-significant increase in BMC of mid area. The sections of left femur of ovariectomized rats treated with glutamine showed increase in the thickness of the bony trabeculae.
Ovariectomized rats treated with taurine dissolved in saline or lactose caused significant increase in serum OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels. Also, they showed non-significant increase in serum Ca and P levels. Taurine caused significant decrease in serum PTH level. BMD and BMC measurements revealed that treatment with produced significant increase in BMD of proximal and mid areas and BMD of distal treated with taurine in saline as well as BMC of proximal and distal areas. The histopathological investigations of bone sections of left femur revealed that treatment with taurine showed increase in the thickness of the bony trabeculae.
Ovariectomized rats treated with combination of the four selected amino acids dissolved in saline or lactose induced significant increase in Ca, P, OC, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels and significant decrease in serum PTH level. DEXA measurement showed significant increase in BMD and BMC areas. The sections of left femur of ovariectomized rats treated with combination of the selected amino acids dissolved in saline or lactose showed increase in the thickness of the bony trabeculae.