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Abstract
Great attention was directed toward camel research in many regions of world, because camels play an important socio – economic role within the pastoral and agricultural systems in dry and semidry zones of Asia and Africa. Furthermore, the survival of millions of human beings is dependent on the camel in such areas where it produces milk, meat wool, hides and serves for riding. In addition, the camels gained a special importance and attention, owing to its ability and habit to survive in the difficult condition during serve prolonged drought strikes when other animals cease to produce or die out.
The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the ovarian morphometry of female dromedary camels during the breeding and non breeding seasons. Moreover, concentrations of various biochemical metabolites and macro minerals in follicular fluid of small (5-7 mm) and medium sized (7-10mm) large follicles (10-20 mm), were determined. Additionally, the histological architecture in ovarian follicular population in the female dromedaries during the breeding and non-breeding season was studied.
A total of 25 female one humped dromedaries’ camel (camelies dromedaries were used in this study which were obtained from Benha Abattoir, Qaliobia Province, Egypt - over a period of 7 months .The period from May to July ,2008 (The non breeding season ) and the period from November ,2008 to February,2009 (The breeding season). The reproductive tracts were collected into clean sterile container.
Ovaries of these camels were collected after slaughter over a period of 7 months. Ovarian morphometry in terms of length, width, thickness number and size of follicles was recorded. Follicular fluid from small as well as medium and large follicles was aspirated and stored at -20c for further analysis. The follicular fluid samples were analyzed for various biochemical metabolites (glucose, total proteins albumin, globulin) and macro minerals (Na, k).The present study also revealed that ovarian length and width in the camel were significantly affected by the seasons. In general, the values of these parameters were higher during the breeding than the non breeding seasons for both ovaries.
However, contrary to the left ovary, the thickness of the right ovary was; not affected by the season in the present study, statistical analysis revealed that only length and width of the right ovary was affected by the season, while the thickness was not affected. Similarly, the frequency of females having active ovaries was higher during the breading than the non breading season, thus the ovaries more and bigger follicles or perhaps corpora lutea .during the breading than the non breeding season. This leads to higher size of ovaries during the breading than the non breading season.
In this study the over all mean number of ovarian follicles >5mm in diameter was higher during breeding than during the non breeding season, the difference was significant. Also, for the right ovaries, mean numbers of follicles >5mm in diameter was significantly higher (p <0.05) during the breeding than the non breeding. The glucose concentration was higher during the non breeding season for small and medium sized follicle than that during the breeding season these higher values were significantly difference ( p < 0.05 ) but mean level of glucose concentration between the two season was non significant in large sized follicle .
Regarding the difference in the level of glucose (mg/dl) in follicular fluid in the right ovary of small& medium sizes follicles and large follicles there were significant increase in the level of glucose concentration during the non breading season in comparison to that during the breeding season.
However the effect of the follicle size with breading season, was significant (P<0.05) for albumin only, moreover, the follicle fluid globulin contents were significantly higher (P<0.05) during the breading than the non breeding season , the high globulin contents in the follicular fluid during breeding ,season might be involved in increased follicular activity during that season.
The mean Na concentration in the follicular fluid of female dromedaries, with small, medium and large follicles was not affected during the two seasons and when data on follicular fluid sodium levels were grouped according to ovarian follicular size the value small medium and large follicles were, however, non-significant. Thus, size of the follicle or the season had no effect on Na contents of the follicular fluid.
The concentrations of K in the follicular fluid of female dromedaries with small, medium and large follicles during the two breading seasons in which the difference was non-significant Thus, season of the animal or the size of ovarian follicles did not affect follicular fluid K contents in camels.