الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 163 |  |  |
| | | from | 163 | | |
Abstract
Cancer Ovary is the sixth most common cancer in women in USA. Epithelial cancer is the most common type, they represents more than 80%. Ovarian cancer is a silent killer because it progresses without any appreciable symptoms until it is at a very advanced stage.
The risk factors include Inherited gene mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2, breast-feeding history, family history of ovarian cancer, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, infectious agent increase the risk while tubal ligation or hysterectomy decrease the risk.
The pathogensis of ovarian cancer remains unknown ,the dedifferentiation theory divide ovarian cancer to type1 and type2. Type I tumors include low-grade micropapillary serous carcinoma, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas characterized by mutations in a number of different genes including KRAS, BRAF, PTEN, and beta-catenin Type II tumors include high-grade serous carcinoma, malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcomas), and undifferen-tiated carcinomas. This group of tumors has a high level of genetic instability and is characterized by mutation of TP53.
Pathological types of ovarian cancer include
Epithelial; serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell and undifferentiated.
Germ cell; dysgerminoma (most common), endodermal sinus tumor, immature teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and embryonal carcinoma.
Sex cord stromal; tumors develop in the connective tissue that holds the ovary together.