الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 297 |  |  |
| | | from | 297 | | |
Abstract
More than 221 million people worldwide will have type-2 diabetes by 2010 .Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among type-1 and type-2 diabetics. Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure independently of the existence of underlying coronary artery disease Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 3-fold increased risk of coronary ischemic events and congestive heart failure. Several hypotheses have been provided to explain the increased cardiac vulnerability in individuals with diabetes; among these are the metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with profound changes in cardiac metabolism, characterized by diminished glucose utilization, diminished rates of lactate oxidation,and increased use of fatty acids. Therefore the aim of this work was to study some of the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in development and outcome of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients.To achieve our goal, we selected seventy (70) subjects divided into three groups; 30 known type 2 DM patients with congestive heart failure Group 1), 30 non diabetic patients with congestive heart failure (Group 2) and 10 healthy subjects as a control group(Group 3). The three groups are matched together as regard age ,gender and BMI and all patients involved in our study presented with symptomatizing congestive heart failure (NYHA stage III & IV All subjects were submitted to:1- Thorough history taking and full clinical examination 2- Imaging technique included ECG, echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound to measure the visceral fat thickness (VFT 3- Laboratory investigations included Complete blood count, kidney function tests(serum urea and creatinine), fasting & 2 hours postprandial blood glucose level (FBG&PPG), glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c%), lipid profile(total cholesterol – triglycerides(TG)- high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C)- and low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) and serum MDA assay 4- Markers measured by ELISA including serum adiponectin assay,plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI 1) assay and serum fibrinogen assay.