الفهرس 
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Abstract
- by the second helf of the fourth century BC the Persians ruled many conmtries in the middle east but they were weak enough to be beaten easily by a young powerful Macedonian king who was known under the name of Alexander the great.
- after his great victory over darius III- the Persian king – in ”333 BC ” at the battle of Issos, Alexander Planned to take his place in the middle east . so after a short time Alexander managed to enter Egypt in ”332 BC” as saviour from the Persians there fore he was welcomed very much by the Egyptians .
- Alexander was intelligent enough ehen he realized that the Egyptians were religious people who respect their gods so he was not only satisfied by presenting offerings to the Egyptian gods and goddesses and especially to apis but also he was crowned in the Egyptians way and according to the pharaonic ceremonies in the temple of ptah at Memphis where this coronation placed him firmly in the company of the native pharaohs.