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Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmented skin disorder that is caused by selective destruction of melanocytes in epidermis, mucous memberans, eyes, inner ears, and occasionally hair bulbs. This leads to well circumscribed depigmented milky white macules . Any part of the body may be affected. Common sites are exposed areas (faceneck, eyes, nostrils,) nipples, genitalia, body folds (armpit, groin),sites of injury (cuts, mscrapes, burns) and around pigmented mole (halo naevi), sites of stretch and pressure for example knees, elbow, dorsum of the hands and fingers. The hair may also go grey early on the scalp eye brows, eye lashes and body. The retina may also be affected The prevalence of this disease varies from 0.1to 2% of various global population It occurs as frequently in females as it does in males. Although the disease does not produce direct physical impairment, it may considerably influence the psychological well being of the patients and many patients with vitiligo are regarded as social outcastes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading the destruction of melanocytes in this disorder have not yet been elucidated. There are many theories which were suggested to explain the pathogenesis of vitiligo such as: Genetic hypothesis, autoimmune hypothesis, neural hypothesis, Self- destruct theory and biochemical hyptheosis It has been proposed that a combined theory rather than one separate theory is more appropriate in the aetiology. Moreover, the finding that patients exhibit a variety of clinical forms and report different histories of onset of disease makes it tempting to believe that the aetiology of vitiligo may vary among individual patients.