الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out in the Experimental Farm of Mallawy Horticulture Research Station Ministry of Agriculture, Minia Governorate during 1995 and 1996 seasons, where the soil is clay.
The first experiment was planned to study the performance of three pepper cultivars i.e. Balady Roomy, California Wonder and Long Red Cayenne for red ripe fruits and seed production as affected by two planting dates viz: 15th March and 15th April and fertilized with three rates of NPK mixtures. This experiment was laid out in a split split plot design with four replicates. The transplanting dates were in the whole plots, the cultivars and NPK rates occupied the split plots and split split plots respectively. Four pickings were taken for the red ripe fruits at 120, 150, 180 and 210 days from transplanting. The data for red mature fruits and seed production were obtained in each of these pickings and in all of the four pickings.
Results for the experiment I are as follow:
1.1- The early planting date on 15th Mach had significant increase compared to 15th April; the highest results for the first date were:
Fruit character 1st picking 2nd picking 3rd picking 4th picking In all pickings
Average length (cm) 9.4 & 9.4 9.2 & 9.3 8.4 & 8.5 7.0 & 7.2 8.5 & 8.6
Average diameter (cm) 3.4 & 3.4 3.3 & 3.4 3.1 & 3.2 2.8 & 2.9 3.2 & 3.2
Average weight (g) 34.3 & 34.8 31.7 & 32.5 27.2 & 28.2 21.6 & 22.0 27.5 & 29.4
No. fruits/plant 1.8 & 1.9 4.7 & 4.8 4.3 & 4.7 4.2 & 4.4 18.0 & 18.7
Average seed wt/fruit (g) 0.28 & 0.28 0.40 & 0.41 0.41 & 0.42 0.31 & 0.31 0.35 & 0.35
Total seed wt/plant (g) 0.39 & 0.42 1.8 & 1.9 3.2 & 3.5 1.4 & 1.5 6.8 & 7.3
Total seed wt/plot (g) 9.9 & 10.3 44.3 & 46.5 79.5 & 86.1 34.2 & 35.9 168.6 & 178.7
Total seed wt/fed. (kg) 67.4 & 71.5
Total seed wt/fed. (kg) (For the date 15th April) 56.5 & 59.8
The fruits values were in the first and the second seasons respectively. These values increased from the fist to the third pickings and decreased in the fourth picking except the length, diameter and weight of the fruit were decreased even the fourth picking.
1.2- The cultivar had significant performance for the previous mentioned characters. The Balady Roomy cv. had the superiority in seed production.
Fruit character 1st picking 2nd picking 3rd picking 4th picking In all pickings
Average fruit wt (g) 34.4 & 35.6 30.8 & 31.7 27.4 & 28.4 22.0 & 22.4 28.6 & 29.5
Average seed wt/fruit (g) 0.42 & 0.43 0.54 & 0.55 0.55 & 0.56 0.42 & 0.43 0.48 & 0.49
Total N. fruits/plant 1.2 & 1.2 5.3 & 5.3 10.0 & 10.6 6.0 & 6.0 22.5 & 23.0
Total seed wt/plant (g) 0.50 & 0.51 2.9 & 2.9 5.6 & 6.1 2.6 & 2.6 11.6 & 12.1
Total seed wt/plot (g) 12.6 & 12.5 69.6 & 72.4 136.6 & 149.1 63.2 & 64.5 283.0 & 297.4
Total seed wt./fed. (kg) 113.2 & 118.9
Total seed wt for Long Red Cayenne cv/fed (kg) 36.8 & 39.5
Total seed wt for California Wonder cv/fed (kg) 35.8 & 38.4
- The traits values were in the first and the second seasons respectively.
- The traits values increased from the first to the third pickings and decreased in the fourth picking except the fruit weight decreased even the fourth picking.
- The Balady Roomy cv. was the first; the next Long Red Cayenne cv. and the last California Wonder cv. in seed production.
1.3- The high rate of NPK fertilizer mixture i.e. 600 kg Ammonium sulphate 20.6%, 450 kg Calcium super phosphate (P2O5 15.5%) and 300 kg Potassium sulpahte (K2O 48%) per feddan, had also significant increase compared to the moderate and the low NPK rates on the previous characters. Viz:
Fruit character 1st picking 2nd picking 3rd picking 4th picking In all pickings
Average fruit wt (g) 35.6 & 36.3 33.1 & 34.0 28.1 & 29.1 22.3 & 22.9 29.8 & 30.6
Average seed wt/fruit (g) 0.28 & 0.29 0.42 & 0.43 0.44 & 0.45 0.32 & 0.32 0.36 & 0.37
Total N. fruits/plant 2.1 & 2.2 5.3 & 5.5 8.1 & 8.6 5.1 & 5.0 20.6 & 21.3
Total seed wt/plant (g) 0.50 & 0.50 2.1 & 2.2 3.7 & 4.1 1.7 & 1.7 8.1 & 8.6
Total seed wt/plot (g) 11.8 & 12.1 50.7 & 54.9 91.9 & 100.8 42.1 & 41.8 197.3 & 209.7
Total seed wt./fed. (kg) 78.9 & 83.9
Total seed wt for moderate rate of NPK mixture 64.5 & 68.0
Total seed wt for low rate of NPK mixture 42.5 & 45.0
- The traits values were in the first and the second seasons, respectively.
- The traits values increased from the first to the third pickings and decreased in the fourth picking except the fruit weight decreased even the fourth picking.
1.4- The three interactions of planting date x cultivar (AB), cultivar x NPK fertilizer rates (BC) and the interaction of the three factors (ABC) had significant increase on the fruit characters and seed production when these varieties planted early in 15th March or fertilized with the high rate of NPK fertilizer. The Balady Roomy cv. which was planted on 15th March and fertilized with the high rate of NPK mixture had the highest significant seed yield i.e. 156.84 and 167.37 kg/fed., the next was Long Red Cayenne cv. 52.50 and 57.07 kg/fed. and the last was California Wonder cv. 48.88 and 52.07 kg/fed., in the first and the second seasons, respectively and when they were planted early and fertilized with the high NPK mixture rate.
The second experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replicates to study the effect of picking frequency the green fruits of the three previous cultivars ion yield of red ripe fruits and seed production. The three pepper cultivars were randomized in the whole plots, and the four pickings frequency treatments of the green fruits i.e. without picking, one, two and three pickings were distributed randomly to the split plots. The data was obtained for the traits and the yield of fruits at the green marketable and red ripe stages.
Results of the experiment 2 are summarized in the following:
1- Characters of the green marketable fruits:
1.1- The cultivar had significant effect on the following traits, where the Balady Roomy cv. recorded the highest values except the average fruit weight, it was recorded by California Wonder cv.
Green fruit
characters Balady Roomy cv. California Wonder cv. Long Red Cayenne
Average wt. (g) 32.74 & 34.29 46.41 & 47.21 12.23 & 12.33
Average N. fruits/plant 7.92 & 7.80 3.10 & 3.11 8.37 & 8.41
Average wt. fruits/plant (g) 246.30 & 253.90 137.10 & 141.20 99.40 & 100.80
Average wt. fruits/plot (kg) 1.233 & 1.270 0.686 & 0.706 0.497 & 0.504
Average wt. fruits/fed (ton) 2.463 & 2.539 1.371 & 1.412 0.994 & 1.008
The traits values were in the first and the second seasons respectively.
1.2- The picking frequency of green fruits had significant increase in the traits as the number of green fruits. Picking increased, where the aggregate three pickings recorded the highest values except the average fruit weight, it was the heaviest in the first picking.
Green fruit
characters One picking Two pickings Three pickings
Average wt. (g) 33.47 & 34.71 30.79 & 31.33 27.12 & 27.79
Total N. fruits/plant 3.14 & 3.14 6.29 & 6.27 9.91 & 9.90
Total wt. fruits/plant (g) 87.60 & 90.60 163.00 & 166.10 232.20 & 239.20
Total wt. fruits/plot (kg) 0.438 & 0.453 0.815 & 0.831 1.162 & 1.196
Total wt. fruits/fed (ton) 0.876 &0.906 1.630 & 1.662 2.322 & 2.392
The traits values were in the first and the second seasons respectively.
1.3- The interaction between the Balady Roomy cv. x three pickings had the highest significant increase of weight of fruits per plant i.e. 373.40 and 239.20 (g); per plot i.e. 1.870 and 1.935 (kg); and per feddan i.e. 3.734 and 3.869 (ton) in the first and the second season respectively.
2- Characters of the red ripe fruits after practice the picking frequency of the green fruits:
2.1- The cultivar had significant effect on the following traits, where the Balady Roomy cv. recorded the highest values except the average fruit weight, and the percentage weight of infected fruits, they were recorded by California Wonder.
Red fruit
characters Balady Roomy cv. California Wonder cv. Long Red Cayenne
Average wt. (g) 24.7 & 25.0 30.9 & 28.6 11.5 & 11.6
Average N. fruits/plant 17.5 & 17.5 10.3 & 11.3 15.3 & 15.5
Average wt. fruits/plant (g) 444.6 & 448.4 321.8 & 334.6 178.7 & 182.6
Average n. sound uninfected 11.6 & 16.7 9.0 & 9.8 14.7 & 14.9
Average wt. sound uninfected (g) 424.7 & 428.1 279.1 & 288.7 172.4 & 176.3
Average wt. infected/plant % 4.4 & 4.4 12.7 & 13.4 3.4 & 3.4
Average seed wt./plant (g) 7.2 & 7.7 2.6 & 2.7 2.4 & 2.5
Average seed wt./plot (g) 36.1 & 38.3 13.0 & 13.4 12.1 & 12.5
Average seed wt./fed. (kg) 72.2 & 76.6 26.0 & 26.9 24.2 & 25.0
2.2- The green fruit picking frequency had significant decrease on the traits of red ripe fruit and the traits of seed production compared to the treatment of no picking as follow:
Red fruit
characters Without picking One picking Two pickings Three pickings
Average wt. (g) 26.2 & 25.5 24.2 & 23.5 21.1 & 20.4 18.1 & 17.5
Average N. fruits/plant 17.3 & 17.8 15.4 & 15.9 12.9 & 13.4 11.7 & 12.0
Average wt. fruits/plant (g) 430.9 & 436.8 358.7 & 364.4 264.6 & 279.1 205.9 & 207.2
Average n. sound uninfected 16.1 & 16.5 14.5 & 14.8 12.2 & 12.6 11.2 & 11.4
Average wt. sound uninfected (g) 394.7 & 399.3 332.3 & 336.8 247.1 & 260.2 194.1 & 194.5
Average wt. infected/plant % 8.4 & 8.5 7.2 & 7.5 6.4 & 6.7 5.3 & 5.6
Average seed wt./plant (g) 5.8 & 6.2 4.7 & 4.9 3.4 & 3.6 2.5 & 2.5
Average seed wt./plot (g) 29.1 & 30.9 23.4 & 24.3 16.9 & 17.8 12.3 & 12.6
Average seed wt./fed. (kg) 58.2 & 61.8 46.7 & 48.6 33.8 & 35.5 24.6 & 25.2
The traits values were in the first and the second season respectively. The reduction of seed yield reached to 19.8% and 21.5%; 41.9 and 42.6%; and 57.8% and 59.2% at one, two and three pickings compared with no picking, in the first and the second seasons respectively.
2.3- The interaction of cultivar x the green fruit picking had significant differences in respect of the traits of red ripe fruits, whilst the Balady Roomy cv. without green fruit picking had the highest values of the traits of seed production. The seed yield for the Balady Roomy cv., without green fruit picking was the highest 106.15 and 115.30 kg/feddan, the next was California Wonder cv. 35.14 and 35.98 kg/fed. the third was Long Red Cayenne cv. 33.37 and 34.23 kg/fed., when they were with no picking for the green fruits, in the two experimental seasons, respectively.