الفهرس 
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Abstract
The fuel is the most important problem in the world. Petroleum is one of finite sources of energy . So ; it should be maintain these sources as possible and finding other sources from finite and renew sources of energy , which is known as alternative fuel. Therefore, it is important to decreasing the fuel consumption (petrol and diesel oils ) and finding the ways and the methods to achieve this target.
Air pollution presents a major problem in the world especially in crowded cities like Cairo; a major amount of that air pollution is due to Internal combustion engine emissions.
Therefore , it is important to decreasing the air pollution from petrol and diesel engines and finding the ways and the methods to achieve this target.
Using the magnetic fields device is one of these ways to solve these problems.
The modification of the fuel systems in the internal combustion engines by using magnetic field aims
. To deliver savings in fuel consumption; and
To reduce the amount of unburned hydrocarbons that is emitted into the atmosphere because of complete combustion.
The following parameters show the results of the effect of manetic field on the fuel systems :-
1-Reinforced Horsepower – the engines of cars will be much more powerful. The engine operates with increasing its brake horsepower reaches to 23 % in gasoline fuel and from 2.5 to 7% in natural gas.
2 – Flow rate of fuel – The engine operates saving of fuel flow rate reaches to 23.4% in gasoline fuel and from 4 to 10% in natural gas.
3- Fuel construction savings – The engine operates with saving of brake specific fuel consumption reaches to 28.5% in gasoline fuel and from 605 to 13.8% in natural
4- Exhaust analysis
: (1)Urban hydrocarbon(HC): the maximum reduction reaches to52.9% in gasoline fuel and from 6.5 to 13.8% in natural gas.
(2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) : the maximum reduction reaches to 61.5% in gasoline fuel and from 9.7 to 19.1% in natural gas.
(3) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) : the maximum reduction reaches to 50% in gasoline fuel and from 25 to 55.5% in natural gas.
In general, there are many problems in water cooling systems in the industrial applications such corrosion, scale, fouling microbiological growth, enclosure of pipeline in heat exchangers.
In the internal combustion engines, there are the same problems in later beside to the important problem of water cooling system, which is water leakage from cylinder lines or cylinder head to the combustion chamber.
This leakage occurs from two reasons : the first is hair cracks in cylinder liners and cylinder head due to the creep phenomenon.
And the second reason is corrosion phenomenon which can be divided into four main types as the following :
1-Liner pitting.
2-Scaling.
3-Corrosion of Acidity.
4-Rust.
The modification of the cooling system in the internal combustion engines by using magnetic field aims to solve these problems.
1-The magnetic devices have a good effect on the reduction of the liner pitting because the magnetic field lowers surface tension of water from approximately 70 dynes per centimeter to 60 dynes per centimeter. This property prevents the formation of vapor bubbles of water in a large shape due to the rapid movement in the engine; this prevents the forming of the liner pitting.
2-The magnetic devices have a good effect on the reduction of the scaling because of the magnetic field reduces the total hardness and total chlorine of water which are main reasons of the scale formation.
For example, the total hardness was reduced from 157.5 mg/lit to 122.5 mg/lit by electromagnetic device operating on the engine cooling system for three hours.
3-The magnetic devices have a good effect on the reduction of the corrosion of acidity because of the magnetic devices increase the pH of the water which means is a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution. The increasing in pH decreases the corrosion process. For example, the pH was increased from 7.7 to 8.3 by electromagnetic devices operating on engine cooling system for three hours.
4-The magnetic devices have a good effect on the reduction of the rust. The permanent magnetic device reduces the rust or suspended solids and the heavy metal (iron) which is found in the water or formed in cooling system by time. For example, the suspended solides in the cooling water were reduced from 1500 mg/lit to 15 mg/lit and the iron in the cooling water was reduced from more than 7 mg/lit to 0.09 mg/lit by permanent magnetic device operating on the engine cooling system for three hours.
from the letter, the magnetic devices have a good effect on the water cooling system and can be used to solve the problems of it.