الفهرس 
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Abstract
Rough sets is a relatively new mathematical and artificial intelligence technique introduced in the early 1980’s by Pawlak, Warsaw University of Technology, as a new mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty in decision situation. It may be used in reducing all redundant data, discovering relationships in data, and extracting decision rules which gives a generalized description of the knowledge contained in the data. The technique can efficiently perform knowledge acquisition and machine learning.It has a wide range of application , such as data analysis economics , stock market, data mining , image processing , decision making and bioinformatics.