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Abstract
In the last decades, the problem of wastewater treatment increased specially in small communities. Using of normal methods of wastewater treatment in small communities such as activated sludge processes and trickling filters are uneconomic. Therefore, other economic methods of wastewater treatment were tested by a lot of researchers.
One of these economic methods is anaerobic treatment. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is a type of anaerobic treatment. In current research, a pilot plant UASB reactor of 115 liter was installed in Menouf Sewage Treatment Plant. UASB reactor characteristics were discussed. Five hydraulic retention times (HRT) stages were used through the experimental works, which continued 150 days, starting by HRT of 24 hours then 18, 12, 8 and 5 hours. The measured parameters through the experimental works were influent and effluent of the organic matter (COD and BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), sulfur, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus, then, the removal efficiencies of these parameters were calculated.
Removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5 and sulfur at HRT of 24 hours were not high, but removal efficiency of TSS was the best through this stage of the study. Removal efficiencies of all contaminants at HRTs of 18 and 12 hours were fairly satisfactory.
Removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5, TSS and sulfur were 70%, 77%, 72% and 75% respectively.
Removal efficiencies of all contaminants decreased at HRT of 8 hour until reached the worst values at HTR of 5 hours due to sludge washout. The system did not achieved any efficiency to remove TKN and total phosphorous except the confining of small amounts of their through sludge bed, therefore, the post treatment is recommended to remove their and to remove a part of effluent COD, BOD5, TSS and sulfur where the production of UASB reactor is not agree with Egyptian law No. 48 for the year 1982.