الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Tomato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) considered the, most dangerous pest which attack vegetable crops in Egypt and cause more loss in quantity and quality of the yield, also it transmits some virus disease such as yellow leaf curl infested tomato and dwarf leaf curl to cabbage plants in
the field and subsequently cause big loss in the yield.
B. tabaci is quickly spread between field crops and
weeds and infested vegetable crops in the green houses.
Experiments were carried out during two successive seasons 1997/ 98&1999 in winter plantation and during two successive seasons 1998 & 1999 in summer vegetable plantation. Five experiments were run in the agricultural experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor. The results could be
summarized as follows:
1. The first experiment: population density of tomato
whitefly,
B. tabaci on certain vegetable crops and
relationship with some meteorological factors during growing seasons 1997 / 1998 & 1999: 1. a summer plantation :
During the 1st season 1998, there was positive and
non significant correlation between the adult population of B. tabaci and temperature on squash & tomato and eggplant crops , while it was non significant and negative with relative humidity on squash & tomato plants ,.and it
was significant and positive on egg plant crops.
During the 2nd summer season 1999, noticed that
correlation factor between the density of adult populations of B. tabaci and temperature and R.H on three tested crops was non significant and positive except
Max temperature on egg plant which was negative and non significant.
During the 1st season 1998, correlation factor between the nymph population and temperature on squash plants was non significant and positive but with relative humidity was significant and negative, while on tomato plants was non significant & positive for temperature and it was negative for R.H. on eggplant there was non significant and positive correlation with Max temperature & R.H, but it was negative with Min temperature during 1998 season.
During the 2nd season 1999, correlation factor cleared that temperature and R.H effect on three tested plants there was non significant & positive correlation on
squash & eggplant while on tomato was negative with R.H.
1.b: Winter lantation•
During the 1st season 1997/98 data indicated that correlation factor between adults infestation and Max temperature on pisum & phaseolus plants was non significant and positive, while Min temperature was negative & non significant, and with R.H on pisum was non significant and positive, while it was high significant & positive on phaseolus plants.
During the 2nd season 1999, results indicated that correlation factor with Max temperature on pisum was non significant & positive, and on phaseolus gave significant & positive, while with Min temperature and RH was non significant & positive in both two crops.
As for nymph population during the 1st season 1998 there was non significant positive correlation between nymphs and Max temperature and non significant & negative with Min temperature on both pisum and phaseolus, but with R.H there was significant correlation on pisum and phaseolus during 1998 season.
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During the 2nd season 1999, . it noticed that temperature gave high significant on nymphs population on pisum and phaseolus plants, while R.H has non significant & positive effect on pisum and negative on phaseolus plants during 1999 season.
2. The second experiment: Study the susceptibility of certain vegetable crops to infestation with B.
tab aci:
Six vegetable varieties of three kinds species were
tested. Data indicated that during the 1st season 1998, high infestation was recorded on squash plants, moderate infestation was on eggplants romy & white arousy, and the lowest was on tomato strain ”B” Casel rock and eggplant black arousy. On other hand,& during in these second season the highest infestation was recorded on squash plants, the lowest on tomato Casel rock & strain ”B” eggplant romy, white & black arousy for adults.
For eggs population high population was on tomato Casel rock, moderate infestation was on tomato strain ”B” & squash eskanderani , while the lowest recorded on eggplant Black , white arousy and romy.
Concerning nymphs infestation during the 1st season 1998 the highest infestation occurred on strain ”B”
& Casel rock varieties while the moderate on squash
while the lowest was on eggplant romy and black &
white arousy.
During the 2nd season 1999, the highest
infestation was on squash eskanderani, the moderate on tomato strain ”B” & costel rock and eggplant romy & black arousy, while the lowest was on eggplant white
arousy during 1999.
In respect of pupae infestation during season, 1998
data showed that the highest infestation was on tomato Caselrock & strain ”B” and squash , while the lowest infestation was on eggplant romy & white arousy.
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And also during the second season 1999, the highest infestation on squash and tomato Casel rock &
strain ”B” and the lowest was on eggplant romy & white arousy.
3. The third experiment: Study the effect of
fertilization on B. tabaci infestation during winter seasons:
Population of B. tabaci on some varieties of pisum and phaseolus under different levels of fertilization were studied, under 3levels of fertilization;
a)with ammonium nitrate 33.5% ate rate 144 kg/feddan.
b)with mixure treatmnet N+K at rate 108 kg/feddan.
c)without fertilization (control) at two doses were before
the first irrigation and the second dose was at flowring
stage. Data cleared that differences between the mean
number of B. tabaci adults on varieties of pisum under different levels of fertilization were non significant during the 1st season 1997/98, while during the second season 1999 was highly significant when the highest populations were recorded on sugar pisum and little marven varieties which did not received any kind and rate of fertilization, the moderate were on sugar pisum & little marven and Linkolen varieties fertilized with (N+K), while the lowest population was on pisum Linkolen either fertilized with nitrogen or without any fertilization.
A. During season 1997 / 98 , data showed that highest numbers of B. tabaci adults were on unfertilized phaseolus Giza ”3” and swiss plan , varieties , while the moderate were on phaseolus swiss plan & Giza ”6” received with ”N+K” fertilizers and Giza ”6” without fertilizers , while the lowest number were on swiss plan and Giza ”6” with ”N” fertilizer. During the second season 1999 the highest infestation was on phaseolus Giza ”6” without, N and N+K fertilizers, the moderate
was on Giza ”3” with N and N+K fertilizers, while the
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lowest was on phaseolus Giza ”3” and swiss plan without fertilization and N+K fertilizers, and also showed t that phaseolus phaseolus was high infested than pisum during season of study. And cleared that was high significant between the varieties of phaseolus to infestation with B. tabaci adults during both of two season 1998 & 1999. While it was significant between varieties of pisum during 1999 and it was non significant during 1998 season.
B. During season 1998, the highest eggs population was recorded on sugar pisurn variety received N+K fertilizers. Moderate populations were on pisum linkolen variety fertilized with ”N” or N+K fertilizers, while the lowest was on sugar pisum and little marvan without fertilization and little marven with N+K and linkolen without fertily. During the 2nd season 1999, the high population was on sugar pisum without or N+K fertilizers. Moderate population were on linkolen variety fertilized with ”N” or N+K fertilizers, while the lowest
was on sugar pisum and little marven varieties with ”N”
fertilizers and little marven with N+K & without fertily
and linkolen without fertily during season 1999,
showed that was non significant between varieties of
pisum during 1998, while it was significant during the
second season 1999.
During season 1998, differences between the mean number of eggs on phaseolus varieties was non significant while it was significant during 1999the seahighest
son.
During the 1st season, showed that numbers of eggs was on Giza ”6” & Giza ”3” and swiss plan with N+K fertilizers and without fertilization, the moderate was on swiss plan & Giza ”3” with ”N” fertilizer, while the lowest was on Giza ”6” with N fertilization. During the 2nd season, the highest infestation was on Giza ”6” without and with N+K
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fertilizers while the lowest was on swissplan f
with ”N+K” fertilizers. ertilized
C. The difference of nymph potions varieties of pea during season 1998 was nonpula signif ghest cant,
i on
while during 1999 season was significant. The hi infestation on sugar variety without and with fertilized ”N+K” while the lowest was on little marven with ”N” & N+K fertilizers and linkolen & little marven without
fertilization.
On the other hand, the highest infestation on bean was on phaseolus swiss plan & Giza ”6 was and Giza”3” without fertilization, while the lowest was” on swiss plan
& Giza ”3” with N+K fertilizers, and showed that
non significant between it was
phaseolus var
infestation during the two seasons 1998 &ietes 199 to nymph
9.
D. Data indicated that it was non significa between pisum varieties during 1998 season, while it nt significant during 1999 season to infestation with pupae. For B. tabaci pupae infestation on varieties ofphaseous, indicated that it was non significant during both seasons 1998 & 1999.
4. The fourth experiment: Study the effect of some insecticides
B. tabaci infestation on certain vegetable crops during 1998 & 1999:
Results of squash plants appeared that Reldan was the most effective treatment to reduce B. •abaci adults and nymphs population either from the side of initial kill or residual effect followed by Jojoba oil, Naterilo, Chemisol oil and finally Bio-fly, froe side of i
kill while if we take residual effect m nth the evaluation,
nitial Chemisol exchanged the positions in the previous arrangement. Also, on tomato plants, results appeared that Reldan occupied the first category in reducing B. tabaci adults or nymph population either as initial kill or
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as residual effect, followed by Chemisol, Jojoba, Bio-fly and finally Naterilo in the form of initial kill. While in respect of residual effect Naterilo come into the third category during season 1998 & 1999.
On eggplant approximate the same trend of the two previous crops was ascertained with rare exceptihat the
on.
from the previous results it may conclude t highest effective was Reldan and the treatment followed by Naterilo, Chemisol, Jojoba and Bio-fly on the three tested vegetable crops (squash & tomato and eggplant) during two successive season 1998 & 1999.
5. The fifth expriment: Effect of admire insecticide on whitefly appearance to silver leaf squash symptoms during winter season 1999:
There was correlation between temperature and B. tabaci adults was non significant & negative and positive & correlation on treatment squash while it was significantnymph infestation was negatively correlated with temperature and non significant & positive with RH. ”T” Test was significant between adults & nymphs population on the treated squash and untreated (control).
The appearance of silver leaf was higher on untreated squash than that on treated with admire pesticide because of admire reduced the number of nymphs and adults population which considered the main
these symptoms on squash leaves during cause to appear winter season 1999.