الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The Arab countries as other economic clusters-are
heading towards economic clustering in order to face the new
global order and the rise of GATT. There were numerous kinds
& shapes of Arab Economic integration the most important one
was the Arab common market agreement which did not show
any effectiveness for more than forty years. The call for the Arab
common market recreation was adopted by some Arab countries
in general, and Egypt in particular, as a commercial gateway for
balanced growth of national & regional development programs,
and getting benefit of the advantages of globalization, besides
limiting its disadvantages.
The importance of this study is bringing to light the
possibi lities and fundamentals of the Arab common market rise
in the Arab agriculture sector such as land, water investment,
capital and human resource.s. Therefore, the recreation of idea of
the Arab common market as a way for facing the international
economic blocs and implementing sustainable integrated
development in the Arab countries which is considered essential
issue.
The problem of the study is represented in highlighting
the weakness of the inter-Arab trade which represent (8.4%) of
the value of the aggregate Arab external trade; although there
were many Arab commercial agreements and availability of the
resources needed to establish such market. It was seen that, the
inter-Arab trade was focalized on a partner on two of the Arab
Countries. Moreover, the agricultural sector can not fulfill the
needs of the Arab countries of food products and commodities.
Therefore, the problem which the study deals with is concerned
with the fact that, the delay of establishing the expanded Arab
common market causes the increase of Arab countries
dependency on external resources in covering its need of
agricultural commodities, and food commodities in particular.
The study aims to investigate the possibility and availability of
resources needed to insure the establishment of the Arab
common market, and estimate the expected effects of
establishing such market on Arab agricultural sector. The study
concentrates on the probable effects on the inter-Arab
agricultural trade volume, Arab food production, consumption
and imports. The study Suggests some needed means to
accelerate the implementation of this market.
The study used descriptive, statistical and analytical
methods. The descriptive method was used to demonstrate the
historical facts concerning the study. The quantities and
statistical Method was used for different data analysis. The study
used simple regression and multi-regression analysis in
identifying general time trends of the related economic
phenomena developments. A model was designed for estimating
the expected effects of establishing the common Arab market on
the Arab agricultural sector. This model is consisted of eleven
equations for sequential estimation of the mo t important
agricultural commodities. Also, estimating the expected effect on
Arab production quantity of the most important agricultural
commodities this model was designed to estimate the gains of
agricultural commodity exporting Arab countries in case of
establishing the market and the loss of Arab agricultural
commodity importing countries as a result of decreasing tariff
fees in the field of agricultural commodities. Then, estimating
the net gains and losses for Arab countries in the field of
agricultural commodities as a results of establishing Arab
common market. A model for comparative advantage was used
to identify the comparative advantages for every Arab country in
field of its most important agricultural commodities.
The study dependent on different resources of data
published in official and formal authorities such as Arab
organization of Agricultural Development, (AOAD) Arab
Monetary Fund (AMF) and the Social & Economic Council
Arab league, External Trade Bullitin, Arab Economic Reports
(Arab Leagues), studies of secretariat-general of Arab economic
union. Data, brochures periodicals and journals of international
organizations and institutions such as Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO).
The study contains five main sections preceded by an
introduction and ended with an appendix, an abstract and
recommendations.
The first section contains two chapters covering the
theoretical framework and the article review. The first chapter
dealt with studying theoretical framework which highlighted the
concepts of economic integration and its different kinds and
shapes. The second chapter was about the article review
concerning the topic which the study is confronting. Most of the
concerned studies recommended activating and accelerating the
Arab economic integration and establishing the Arab common
market, as a way of facing the challenges of facing the
challenges of the new global economic order. Also, these studies
recommended maximizing the inter Arab trade Volume and
establishing Joint Arab agricultural Projects to overcome the
Arab gap. The studies called for Arab economic aspects
neutralization aside from political actions. The second section
was concerned with studying international economic blocs and
attempts and experiments of Arab economic integration. The
first chapter was interested in highlighting the existing forms of
global economic blocs and the related agreement such as GATT
agreement, and its positive and negative effects on the
developing countries economics. This chapter highlighted the
most important regional economic blocs and multinationals and
transnational. And dealt with the Arab economic integration.
After establishing the Arab league there many bilateral and
regional agreements. Three regional agreements were conducted
they are Gulf Countries Cooperation council and Arab western
union besides some basic agreement such as the agreement of
facilitating trade and organizing trade 1953, Arab Economic
unity and establishing Arab economic union council 1957, the
common Arab market agreement 1964, the agreement for
facilitating and developing commercial exchange among Arab
countries 1981. Also, there are agreements concerned with
liberalizing current payments such as investing capitals in the
Arab countries 1980. Besides, the joint Arab projects and
specialized Arab organizations. The second chapter included
the historical development of establishing the Arab common
market 1964 under the framework of the Economic Union
Council in order to achieve liberation in four areas: person and
capital movement liberation, commodity & products exchange
liberation and finally, liberalizing transport; transit” and using
transportation means & using civil airports and harbors. The
existing market includes seven countries under the scope of Arab
economic union council, these countries are Egypt, Jordan,
Syria, Iraq, Libya, Mauritania and Yemen. It is worth saying
that, there are some Arab countries who refuse to j oint the
market for many reasons such as economic and political reasons.
Finally, we should mention that, there are some positive efforts
for activating the establishment of the market such as the
executive program of implementing the market regulations 1998
and the declaration of the great Arab free trade zone starting
from 1998 to be completed 2005. The third section discussed
the current agricultural economic indicators and agricultural
production in the Arab nation. The first chapter reviewed the
Arab economic resources which include unrenewed natural
resources such as petroleum, there is also the renewable natural
resources represented by land resources. It is important to
mention that, the available land resources able to be used was
estimated with around 64.3 Million hectare. The water resources
were 225.36 Milliard Cubia Meter of surface water, around
39.19 Milliard Cubic Meter of underground water and finally, 9
Milliard cubic Meter of untraditional water resources. The Arab
nation population was estimated by 228.1 Million person in the
year 2001. The agricultural workforce reached 28.7 Million
laborer for the average period (1997-2001).
Examined the most important general indicators and
current status of the Arab economic structure, the study showed
that, the Arab countries GNP. The annual growth rate of the
Arab countries GNP reached 4.5% during the period (1990-
2001). he Arab agricultural production was 79.3 Milliard dollar
with percentage of 11.2% of the total Arab GNP in the year
200 1. The annual Arab agricultural production reached 3.4% for
the previous period.
The second cha pter was concerned with representing the
main features of the Arab agricultural production. In this chapter,
the study dealt with highlighting the most important agricultural
crops and food crops in the Arab nation and its developments
during the period (1990-200 I), the most important results were
as following:
- The main food grain group: including (wheat, Barley,
Com Maize and Rice) production increased and its annual
growth rate reached 1.43% during the period (1990-2001). And
Potatoes: total production of the crop in Arab nation increased
by 1.72% for the period (1990-2001). And Legumes: the total
production increased and its annual growth rate was 0.11%
during the mentioned period. And Oil crops: the total
production increased with annual growth rate 2.8 during the
same period. And Sugar crops: the total production increased by
annual growth rate 0.32% for the same period. And Vegetable
crops: the Arab production of vegetable crops increased by
2.11% as an annual growth rate for the period. And Fruit crops:
the total production increased during the period (1990-200 1)
with annual growth rate 2.18% in the Arab nation. And Fiber
crops: the total production decreased with annual decrease rate
(-1.48%) for the same period. And Red meat: the total Arab
production increased during the period (1990-2001) with annual
growth rate 4.29%. and Poultry meat: the total Arab production
of poultry- (white meat) increased during the period (1990-2001)
with annual growth rate 5.03%. and Milk & its products: th
total Arab production of milk and its products increased during
the tested period (1990-2001) with annual growth rate 5%. And
Eggs: the total Arab production of table eggs increased during
the period (1990-2001) with annual growth rate 2.72%. and
Fish: the total Arab production of the fish production increased
during the period (1990-2001) with annual growth rate 4.24%.
By studying the changes emerged on the food gap of the
most important commodities and food commodity groups, it is
clarified that, the value of food gap increased from 11.7 Milliard
dollar in the year 1990 to 12.9 Milliard dollar in the year 2001.
The annual growth rate of the Arab food gap increased by 3.31%
during the period (1990-2001). The fourth section discussed the
current status of aggregate foreign Arab trade, it focused on its
importance, development, trends, commodity structure and its
economic efficiency. This section included the study of inter-
Arab agricultural commercial exchange. The first chapter
studied total and inter Arab trade and the following are the most
important results:
The value of the aggregate Arab trade (exports -Imports)
reached 300.3 Mill iard dollar for the average period (1990-
2001). The aggregate Arab trade value represents 3.04% of the
aggregate global trade for the same tested area (1990-2001) with
value of 9861.2 Milliard dollar. The annual growth rate of total
Arab trade reached 5.05% for the period The value of the Aggregate Inter-Arab Trade reached 25.56
Milliard dollar for the average period (1990-2001). The
annual growth rate of total inter Arab trade reached 4.11%
for the period (1990-2001). The second Chapter showed the
value of the Aggregate Arab Agricultural Trade reached
30.15 Milliard dollar for the average period (1990-2000), the
annual growth rate of 4.37% for the period (1990-2000).
The value of the Aggregate Inter - Arab Agricultural
Trade reached 4.55 Milliard dollar for the average period (1990-
2000) and the annual growth rate of 6.52% for the period (1990-
2000). The fifth section was concerned about measuring the
comparative advantages and estimating its expected effects. The
first chapter in section five showed Arab countries comparative
advantages measurement in its foreign trade for the major
agricultural & food commodities. According to the used
comparative advantage measurement, it is obvious that, there are
three Arab countries achieved comparative advantages for its
grain foreign trade during the tested period (1990-2000), these
countries are Sudan, Syria, Morocco & Egypt. Jordan, Syria,
Lebanon Egypt, Yemen & Morocco achieved visible
comparative advantages in its potato foreign trade during the
same tested period. Egypt & Sudan registered a comparative
advantage in its crude sugar foreign trade during the mentioned
period. Sudan, Syria Lebanon and Morocco achieved a
comparative advantage in its legume foreign trade, as for
vegetable oils, Jordan, Tunisia, Sudan & Lebanon achieved
comparative advantage in its vegetable oils foreign trade for the
tested period. Seven Arab countries achieved visible comparative
advantages of its fresh vegetable crop foreign trade during the
same tested period they are Jordan, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria,
Lebanon, Egypt & Morocco. Eight Arab countries achieved a
comparative advantage in its fresh fruit foreign trade for the
same tested period. These countries are Jordan, Tunisia Algeria
Sudan, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt & Morocco. Sudan Syria and
Morocco registered a comparative advantage of its Red meat
foreign trade during the tested period (1990-2000). Four
countries achieved a comparative advantage of its poultary
(white meat) foreign trade (Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon, Egypt).
Four Arab countries achieved visible compartive advantage of its
milk these countries are: (Sudan Syria, Egypt and Morocco.
Eleven Arab countries achieved visible comparative advantage
of its fresh fish foreign trade these countries are: U.A.E.,
Bahrain, Tunisia, Algeria, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Sudan Oman,
Morocco Mauritania and Yemen.
The second chapter surveyed the expected economic
effects of the complete execution of Arab common market
agreement of the agricultural sector in the Arab nation. A model
was designed of eleven equations in order to compute and
estimate Arab net profit or loss as a result of complete execution
of Arab common market agreement. The Arab commonmarket
countries, the most beneficiary will reach to 2960.9 milions
dollar. Three Arab countries will get reach to 8855 million
dollar. In case of the full applications of the Arab common
market agreement. Sundan is considered the most been ficicary
Arab contry total gains of 3314.g million dollar, Egypt comes as
the second beneficary country with 1253 million dollar, morocco
with 1401, Syria with 1081, Mauritania with 468.8 million dollar
Somalia with 452.9 million dollar, Tunisia with 376.4 million
dollar, Lebanon with 342.3 million dollar, Algeria with 158.6
million dollar Yemen will gain 107.6 million dollar, Jordan with
51.5 million dollar, and U.A.E will gain 38.4 million dollar, and
Saudi Arabia with 9.3 million dollar, oman with 7.2 million
dollar, Finally, Bahain will gain, 6 million dollar. Three Arab
countries will get net tosses after the full implementation of the
Arab common market agreement. Kuwait will have 64.5 million
dollar losses. Qatar will get 32.4 million dollar losses Djibouti
will get 16 million dollar losses. And lLibya willget 1.5 million
dollar. The net gains after the implementation of the agreement
will reach to 8855 million dollar.
RECOMMENDA TIONS
• Spending there glutinous needed for accelerating the
establishment of the Arab common market and giving
priority of the Arab common market as the most important
Arab project in the Arab arena.
• Following gradual procedure in joining the Arab common
market and agreement.
• Eliminating Arab political conflicts and dominating the
economic interest.
• Finalizing the residual stages of the grand Arab free zone.
• Establishing the Arab agricultural marketing corporation
under the framework of Arab economic union council.
• Coordinating Arab foreign trade policy.
• Encouraging inter-Arab agricultural investment in the field
of marketing and trading infrastructure.
• Developing and supporting Arab trade financing program.
• Establishing Arab marketing and commercial information
net and adapting modern communication methods.
• Implementing a long-term comprehensive Arab economic
development plan for the Arab agricultural sector.
• Establishing Arab Marketing and Commercial Infnnation
Net.
• Stimulating private sector in the Arab countries to share in
the Arab common market and encouraging the support of
Arab economic development programs.