الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Egg is considered one of the important sources of supplying the human body with its needs of animal protein and energy . It is characterized by its cheap price , comparing with the prices of other sources of animal protein from red meat , white meat and diary . Also , Egg is characterized by its high vital value because it contains a balanced proportions of proteins and mineral salts .Egg helps greatly in filing up the food gap of animal protein in attempt to protective limit which is necessary for human life . National Consumption of Eggs in Arab Republic of Egypt has increased during the period ( 1991 - 2003 ) from 151 thousand tones in 1991 to 257 thousand tones in 2003 , with an average estimated at 179.4 thousand tones and the individual consumption of protein has increased during the same period from 2.8 1991 to 3.8 Kilogram in 2003 , with an average estimated at 2.9 Kilogram / Year . In the last years the interest of egg industry has increased in Egypt . Arab Republic of Egypt was able to reach self-sufficiency of eggs and poultry in general . The Sharkia Governorate is considered one of the industry Governorates which is interested in egg . It is considered the first Governorate among the Republic Governorates in the number of farms which produce eggs and the number of warehouses in then and so the actual production of egg .
The number of farm eggs in the governrate of Sharkia has approximated in 2003 about 411 farms by percent 30 % of the total number of the farms proudcing egg in Egypt . The number of workhng wards in egg production farms in governrate of Sharkia has approximated about 684 working wards in percent 29.6 % from the total of working wards in egg production farms in 2003 about 873.2 million eggs /
year in percent 18.95 % from the total of the actual production in egg production farms in Egypt . Although there is production energy of eggs which is lost as aresult of number of farms which stopped production and also as the aresult of the number of wards which stopped working in egg production farms in the governrate which approximated in 2003 about 258 ward in percent 37.7 % and also the working wards don,t work with its full , producthion energy so there is hug missing energy of eggs in the governrate of Sharkia which approximatedabout 1.7 milliar eggs and this missing energy has increased more , as aresult of the oppearance of the bird influenza in the barnyard fowls farms in Egypt . The governrate of Sharkiawas from the first governrates which this disease entered it quickly and the loss was large . They have destructed about 281 farms in the governrate of Sharkia thorough only three monthis from February to May 2006 and the number birds which has been destructed that period in the governrate ware about 10.8 million chickons . from this , it was clear for all . Thesize of loss which happened t:o the poultry industry in the governrate and the whole of the public during short time.
This is also besids thefarms and also as aresult of the decrease of poultry comsumption from 70 % to 40 % , this is before the entering of this desease to Egypt , then the stopping of consumption and the desposing of the concumpters of poultry consumption after the enterning of the diseaseto Egypt .The loss was about 5 million pounds I day . After this desease decreased , anew market for poultry appeard in Egypt which is different from poultry old market which was found before the disease from its less supply and more demond and its high price .
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This research is an attempt for studying the increaseof actual production of eggs and the degree of governrate of Sharkia’s sharing in filling the gap in the rate of consumption of the Egyption person of protein . And also an attamempt for studying the effect of this problem on the poultry industry in Arab Republic of Egypt generally and specially governerate of Sharkia .
The study has been divided into six sections in addition to the introduction of the introduction which contains the production which contains the problem of the study , the importance of the study as well as the methods and the tools of the research and the researe plan and the sources of getting the information or date . Then the English and Arabic sumarries and Arabic summarries and suggesting programs for increasing egg industry in governrate of Sharkia and the recommendation of study .
The study of descriptive statistical analysis was used to explain the special phenomenonin the poultry production in Sharkia gavernerate . It alsoused in the two ways of multiplied andsimple regreation in the analysis of productive functions in their douple Logarithmic and liner models . The amount of productive etements analysised by using the analysis of variance in defining the best of resouces in the production . The produtive cost function was analysed in differente models (liner , square and cubic . The economic efficien was studied to egg production in districts of the selection of the sample .
The sample of the statistical study contains about 100 farms and this study has divided the farm of eggs production to the actual production of these farms of eggs production
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according to the actual production of these farms into three productive scales :
1-The first scale : ( Fewer than 5000 chicks ) . The number of farm of sample in this scale was 21 farms .
2-The first scale : ( 5000 — 15000 chicks ) . The number of farm of sample in this scale was 47 farms .
3-The first scale : ( More than 15000 chicks ) The number of farm of sample in this scale was 32 farms .
These farmes were seleted in randomly way fom five managed districts of Sharkia governerate , They are Belbies , Minia El Kamh , Fakous , Abo Hamad and Machtoul El Souk
The study of productive functions on the analysisof relationship between four productive elements is the amount of feed which is used during the productive session and the number of chicks which are sold in the start of session and the total of number of work hours thorough session and the number of birds mortality during the period .The total production has changed from eggs , chickens after the end of the productive session and the remainder feed and veterinary medicines and empty sacks and poultry manure to physics account of eggs in tonnes . Many attempts tocalculale the physical production function in the short-run in many models as liner and logarithmic models to the three production scales with the simple regration and multiple methods . from this results , the logarithmic mothods is the best of models of production functionby using multiple regression method , we will see :
In the first production scale : It shows that ther are three productive quantity of eggs per tonne . these variables are the quantity of feed during the period , the number of chickes in the beginning of the period , the total of the
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number of work hours during productive period . So , there is chance to increase the production . this is by increasing the three production elements . The negative Signal which preceded the Four the variable means there is negative relation between the number of birds martility during the production period and the physical quantity of eggs perton . the ststistical significant for the whole variables . was verificated to all productive resources and the all of model . the total of the production elasticities was fixed with 0.95 So it was acted smaller revenue on scale from the production .
In The second production scale : It shows that there are three productive elements with positive effect on the productive quantity of feed which are used in period , the number of purchased chicks in the beginning of the period , the total of the number of wark hours during the productive period , So , any increasing in the productive elements followed by increasing in quantitive production of eggs . the negative signal which preceeded the fourth resource means there is negative between the number of birds and the physical quantity of eggs pertonne . the statistical significant was vertficated to all models . the total of the acted in creasing revenue on scale from the production .
In the third production scale : It shows that ther are two elements which have positive effect on the total production of eggs : the amount of feed which is used in the period , the number of work hours . this means that any increasing in these variables Corresponding increase in the quantity of eggs pertonne . there is independent variable negatively affect the production of eggs which is number of purchased chicks in the beginning of the period , meaning that the increase in the number of chicks has not been matched by any increase in production in physics production of eggs
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pertonne . the study of the analysis of the varian for the amount of feed which is used during the productive period , that there are significant differences in various of probability levels indicated that there are differences in the amount of feed which is used among three productive scales averages 151.25 , 416.21 , 2716.32 tonnes adjustmently
As for the number of purchased chicks . from the results of variance analysis shows that there is difference in the number of chickes among the productive scales . the means ware 33353.95 , 12120.5 , 64702.3 chicks adjustmently , from thersults of variance anlay sis of the number of work hours during the period that there are difference in different levels . The means ware 30.47 , 41.36 , 71.5 thous and hours adjustmently . Also , It shows from the studying of the results of variance to the total of the martility during the productive period in the productive scales , there are meaning diffevences in different levels . The means ware 655.5 , 1728.8 , 12254.2 chicks adjust mently . the production costs was analyised in the studing sample in defferant models ( liyer , squer and cubic ) the squar models of the function of costs is the pest of thise models as it the properest models for poultry production and Agricural production at adjustment . In this models , the quantity of production who maximized the revenue , the marginal costs and elasticity of the production costs was calculated in from studying to the square model of the costs function in the short-run in the studying sample in the three studying production scals , we will see : the statistical signinficant to this models to the three production scals adjustmently .
In the first scal : the statistical significant for function was provided . the in square model in this scal was 0.48 , the
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quantity of production which maximized to revenue equaled 35.6 ton , the marginal cost qualed to 3.37 , the elasticity of the production cost was 0.02 this mears the production was
of production increasing .
In the second scal : the statistical significant for function was provided , the limitation sign in square model in this scal was 0.48 . the quantity of production which maximized to revenue equaled to 122.9 ton , the marginal cost equaled to 3.27 theelasticity of the production cost was 0.03 this means the production was in of production increasing .
In the third scal : the statistical significant of function in this scal was provided , the limitation sign in the square model in this scale was 0.99 the quantity of production which maximized to revenue equaled 5475.7 ton , the marginal cost equaled 0.83 the elasticity of the production cost equaled
0.00007 .
In this study , the cost function in long-run was studied , in the defferant models ( liner , square and cubic). The square model of the cost function was the best of other models
In the square model : the statical significant for function in this model was provided , the limitation sign equaled 0.98 , this means to the production defferance explained 98% from defferant of costs , the marginal cost equaled to 274610.8 pounds, the quantity of production which maximized to revenue equaled to 4.16 thousand ton . the elasticity of the production was increased by increasing in production of scal .
In this study , the economic efficiency to production of eggs in the studing sample was studied:
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In the district of 13ilbes ; The total cost equaled 121.5 , 641.5 , 5439.1 thousand pound/farm in the production sample ( the less of 5000) , (5000-15000), ( the most of 15000 chicks ) at the total revenue is 144.8 , 964.5 , 6969.5 thousand pound / farm . the net-revenue equaled 23.3 , 323 , 1530.4 thousand / farm . the investment revenue on pound equaled 1.19 , 1.50 , 1.28 pound / farm . the revenue of pound was 0.19 , 0.50 , 0.28 , pound / farm . In the district of Minia El Kamh ; The total cost equaled 250.2 , 652.7 , 3099.1 thousand pound/farm in the production sample (the less of 5000) , (5000-15000), ( the most of 15000 chicks ) at the total revenue is 262.6 , 749.5 , 3863.1 thousand pound / farm . the net-revenue equaled 12.4 , 96.8 , 763.9 thousand pounds / farm . the investment
revenue on pound equaled 1.05 , 1.15 , 1.25 pound / farm .
the revenue of pound was 0.05 , 0.15 , 0.25 , pound / farm . In the district of Abo Hamad ; The total cost equaled
255.4 , 734.9 , 3416.4 thousand pound/farm in the
production sample (tree less of 5000) , (5000-15000), (the
the
most of 15000 chicks ) at the total revenue i94
s 2.6
5587.6 thousand pound / farm . the net-revenue equaled 39.2 , 76.9 , 2171.2thousand / farm . the investment revenue on pound equaled 1.15 , 1.10 , 1.63 pound / farm . the revenue of pound was 0.15 , 0.10 , 0.63 , pound / farm .
In the district of Fakous ; The total cost equaled 231.7, 585.9 , 1453.1 thousand pound/farm in the production sample ( the less of 5000) , (5000-15000), ( the most of 15000 chicks ) at the total revenue is 268.7 , 705.9 ,
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371772.6 thousand pound / farm . the net-revenue equaled 37 , 120 , 319.5 thousand / farm . the investment revenue on pound equaled 1.16 , 1.20 , 1.22 pound / farm . the revenue of pound was 0.16 , 0.20 , 0.22 , pound / farm .
In the district of Machtoul El Souk ; The total cost equaled 277.2 , 761 , 2533.5 thousand pound/farm in the production sample ( the less of 5000) , (5000-15000), ( the most of 15000 chicks ) at the total revenue is 307.8 , 982.7 , 3066.6 thousand pound / farm . the net-revenue equaled 30.6 , 221.7 , 533.1 thousand / farm . the investment revenue on pound equaled 1.11 , 1.29 , 1.21 pound / farm . the revenue of pound was 0.11 , 0.29 , 0.21 , pound / farm .