الفهرس 
مقدمهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
This investigation was carried out to study the
essential oils of petitgrain, neroli, and bitter orange
absolute. Results obtained revealed the followiag:
1- Yield of petitgrain oil increased at progressive age of
leaves, where the yield of juvenile leaves was the
lowest (0.13 percent), while those more than 30 days age
gave the highest percent of 011.
2- Storage of bitter orange leaves in the open air, increased
the pe;rcentage’of oil, and reduced their water
content. Storage for 4 days g~ve higher, percentage
of oil than that of fresh leaves or stored leaves for
2 and 7 days.
3- The presence of setting fruits In the tWigs during
distillation affected the oil percentage. The percentage
of oil increased with increase of setting fruits on the
twigs.
4- The petitgrain oil percent varied from month to another,
where the lower percent was obtained in March and the .
higher Was obtained in september.
5- The physical and chemical characteristics of petitgrain
oil are within the limits of those reported·in the literature.
6- The quality of petitgrain oil decreasEd by storing the
oil at room temperature for 12 months more than that
stored at +5°C, while storage of oil at -15°C kept the
oil in satisfactory quality.
7- The odor quality of petitgrain oil was affected by storage
for 12 months at different temperatures. The odor
qua1it\ decreased greatly at room temperature than those
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at or cd at ’Joe, while oils s t or ed at -15oe showed less
decreuse in the odor.
8- The physico-chemical properties of the better orange
leaves concrete and its absolute were different from
those reported in the literuture.
9- The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of petitgrain oil,
nerali oil and bitter orange a.bsolute could be taken as
a t r-u Ly characteristic Uringer-printa” of such oils.
Bes i.des , iqiE’rared spe ct ro scopy might be used as a. guide
for thE qualitative analysis of thEse oils.
10- Storage of petitgrain, n2rali oils and bitter orange
absolu tea t room temperature for one year afff;cted it s
ultraviolet properties and infrared absorption. properties.
11- The identified compounds of petitgrain oil obtained by
gas liquid chromutography included hydrocarbon, alcohols
and esters. The principal coostituents were 11nalyl
acetate;4J.52%) lin81001 (28.54%) and 1imonene CS.14;j).
12- The chemical composition of petitgrain oil was affected
by storage for one year at different temperaturee. There
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were significant differences in the hydrocarbon terpenes
for ojls stored at room temperature and at +5°C. Meanwhile
no signi.ficant differences in these terpanes were observed
in oil stored at -150C.
13. The chemical composition of petitgrain oil was affected
by leaves age as well 8S the period between harvesting of
leaves and distillation, presence of fruits in the leaves
and harvesting time.
14. The flowers collected early in t be morning gave higher
yield of oil than those gathered in the afternoon. The
small buds gave higher yield of oil t han other flowers
stages while the closed buds gave the lower yield of oil.
Also, the period between hary.esting And distillation of
flowers affected the oil yield. Fresh picked flowers gave
higher yield than those distilled after 7 hours, While,
flowers distilled after 24 hours gave higber yield than
fresh flowers. Further~more, soaking of flowers in water
before distillation increased the oil yield. Frechpicked
flowers gave 0.19 percent while those soaked for 12 and
24 hours gave 0.21 and 0.22 percent respectively.
15- The physical properties of neroli oil are Within the
limit s of t hose rep.~orted in t he literatures while the
”
chemical ones differed from those reported in the literature.
The acid value, ester value and free alcohol content
were lower, While ester value after acetylation and ester
content were higher than those reported in the literature.
16- The quality of neroli oil d~cr=~sed by storing the oil.
The specific grav i t y, refractive index, evaporation
residue, acid value and alcohol content increased after
storage for one year while solubility in alcohol, ester
va.lue and ester content decreased.
17- Benzol gave the highest percent of concrete and absolute
of bitter orange flower while hexane gave the lowest
value of concrete. The lowest value of absolute was
obtained by the mixture of solvents. (Hexane, benzol and
et hyl ac eta t e ).
\.
18- Flowers picked in the early morning gave higher yield
than those picked in the afternoon. The average increase
was 6.36 and 9.37 percent respectively. Proper stage of
flowers affected yield of concrete and absolute. The
completely opened flowers gave higher yield of concrete
and absolute. while closed buds gave lower yields. AIna,
the period between harvesting and extraction affected the
yield of concTete and absolute. Flowers extracted immediatly
gave higher yield than t hose extracted after 7 and
24 hours..The decrease percentages of the concrete were
24.80 and 31.)0 for flowers extracted after 7 and 24 hs.,
while they were 10.66 and 19.06 for absolute respectively.
Beside, flowers washing numbers affected the yield of
concrete and absolute. Flowers soaked for three times gave
higher yield of concrete a.nd a.bsolute, while thoseaoaked
for one time gave the lower yield •’
19- The physicochemical properties of bitter orange concretr
were, within the limite of those reported in the literature
except specific gravity which WetS lower, while that
of absolute and refractive index were higher. Acid, ester
and saponification values of absolute were lower than
those reported in the liter~ture.
20- The major constituents of neroli oil and bitter orange
absolute were linalool and linalyl acetate.
21- Storage of neroli oil and bitter orange absolute affected
ita chemical composition.
22- The chemical composition of nerali oil and bitter orange
absolute were affected by time of flowers collection,
proper stage of flowers and the period between harvesting
and disti~lation or extraction.