الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Summary
In Egypt there is a problem in both of limited water
irrigation and plantation area. Generally, Egypt depends on Nile
water where it is 55.5 milliars m 3 per year because of the
prospect of decrement in this portion. So, water irrigation is
considered the strategical factor in Egyptian agriculture
generally and in agricultural development specially. The water
irrigation is considered as a first limited factor agricultural
project and in horizontal and vertical extension.
This study consists of introduction in addition to four
chapters and summary. The first chapter studies the sight view
of economical and production of irrigation systems . This chapter
consists of two sections . The first section studies the water
sources and irrigation systems in Egypt. The second section
contains of review ofliterature .The second chapter discusses the
field study sample and its properties. The third chapter studies
the competence of using water irrigation in the investigation’s
farms , the meaning of irrigation competence, the competence of
water - housing in the land, the competence of distribution of
water, the competence of water consumption, the competence
of field irrigation, the competence of water transfer and the
economical competences of irrigation systems, such as cost of
water unit ( 1000 m3 ), relative deviation of actual uses of water
from water requirement of crops, total income of water unit
which is used in irrigation ratio. The net revenue of water unit
ratio for sample crops, total revenue cost of irrigation for
different crops.
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Estimating the production competence of wheat in the
sample farms illustrated that, the net income per feddan from
water unit in sugar beet region ( flood irrigation) was 378.70
L.E. , in west Nobariah (sprinkler irrigation) was 170.74 L.E.
and in Bostan (sprinkler irrigation) was 158.75 L.E . and the
average of (sprinkler irrigation) for the three regions was 164.51
L.E. , the total average was 208.50 L.E. While in faba bean the
net revenue per feddan for water unit was 281.28 , 190.41 ,
239.05 ,214.82 and 236.66 for sugar beet ( flood irrigation)
region, West Nobariah ( drip irrigation system), Bostan ( drip
irrigation system ), average of drip irrigation system and average
of the sample, respectively. About Berseem , the net income per
feddanlwater unit was amounted, 248.40 , 167.04 , 99.20 ,
207.72 , 167.96 in the regions of sugar beet ( flood irrigation) ,
West Nobariah ( flood irrigation) , Bostan ( sprinkle irrigation)
average of flood irrigation and the average of the sample,
respectively .
for white com, the net revenue of water unit was 51.19 ,
35.57 , 29.41 ,32.49 , 38.72 L.E., in sugar beet region ( flood
irrigation ), West Nobariah ( drip irrigation ), Bostan region
( drip irrigation ), average of drip irrigation and average of the
sample respectively, and in watermelon, the net income was
amounted 199.85 , 106.22,249.59 , 170.81 and 173.06 in the
regions of sugar beet ( flood irrigation) , West Nobariah ( drip
irrigation) , Bostan ( drip irrigation) , average of drip irrigation
and average of the sample respectively.
for tomato the net revenue from water unit was 228.64 ,
100.22,68.32,84.73 and 98.41 L.E. in the regions of sugar beet
(flood irrigation), West Nobariah ( drip irrigation) , Bostan
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( drip irrigation ), the average of drip irrigation and the average
of the sample, respectively.
The fourth chapter contains the economical analysis of
production functions of the sample farms which contains many
variables such as planting area, seed rate, water amount of
irrigation water and irrigation system as a dummy variable.
These variables are supposed to have a significant effect on the
dependent variables ( production of unit area ”feddan” ) . It was
clearly that the Cube - Douglas model was the best. And for
wheat, the liner formula was the best in ’sugar beet region and
the production was increased by increasing seed rate. While it
was decreased by increasing water amount. It means that there is
wasting in water amount and we need to rationalize the using
amount of it. So, reducing the using water amount by 1%
increased the yield per feddan by 0.026 ardab. The total
flexibility of formula was 9.96 which means that there was a
correlation between increasing proceeds and the elements in the
formula. These results were confirmed at significantly levels of
0.01 and 0.05 for planting area and seed rate respectively.
for faba bean, the logarismic formula was the best in the
West Nobariah with drip irrigation and the production of unit
area was increased by increasing both of planting- area aid seed
rate while it decreased significantly by increasing the irrigation
water amount and increasing these elements by 1% caused
increment in total production by 1.6 % , 0.012 % respectively for
each of planting area and water amount.
The modulus of elasticity was about 0.77 which means
that increasing all elements in the formula by 1% increased the
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production of unit area by 0.77 ardab in West Nobariah with
sprinkler irrigation
For Berseem, the liner formula was the best at Bostan
region with sprinkle irrigation and the production was decreased
by increasing irrigation water and there was significant
affirmative relation between each of area and seed rate and
insignificant relation for water amount. There was opposite
relation between Berseem production and water amount, this
element was negative sign which means that there was wasting
in water amount, so that increasing water amount which using in
irrigation by 1% reduces the yield of feddan by 0.12 ton. So we
need to rationalize the water amount which used to irrigate the
unit ( feddan ).
Total flexibility was about 15.8 which means that
increasing productivity elements by 1% increased the production
by 15.8 ton per feddan.
For White Corn at sugar beet region with flood irrigation.,
the liner formula was the best and the production was correlated
affirmatively with each of planting area and irrigation water
amount and it was significant at 0.01 level for planting area.
Total flexibility was 13.28 which weans that increasing the
elements in the formula by 1% caused increment in total
production by 13.28 % . The elasticity modulus of water was
0.092 which means that increasing this element by 1% caused
increment in production by 0.092 ardab per feddan.
For Watermelon at sugar beet region with flood irrigation
, the logarismic formula was the best and the production was
increased by increasing all of variables in formula. And all of
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these elements demonstrate the relation of production
decreasing.
The modulus of elasticity was less than ( 1 ) which means
that the using amount of it was at the economical level by the
duty of stability the other elements. Total flexibility was 0.98
which means that increasing all elements by 1% increased
watermelon yield by 0.98 ton per feddan.
for Tomato at Bostan region, the liner formula was the
best and there was affirmative relation between yield and each of
planting area and water amount. The formula was significant at
0.05 level but it was insignificant for water amount. While there
was opposite relation between total production of tomato and
seed rate. The modulus of elasticity was over than (1) and less
than (1) for seed rate and water amount respectively. Total
flexibility was about 10.75 which means that increasing the
independent elements by 1% caused increment in production by
10.75 ton per feddan.
The review of irrigation water productivity and using the
field data illustrated that it was different from crop to other and
from region to other and this is correlated with using levels.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We have need of more discussion and study for water
productivity. This study illustrated that there are cases of
unqualified using of water in agriculture. On the other hand,
there are cases refer to realization of the qualification possibility
in using water specially if some specific measures were
available.
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This investigation is recommended the following: -
1 - Work to put a new system to distribute the water
concerning about the field studies , climatic conditions ,
soil properties and social behavior of farmers .
2 Training the graduates in planting the desert land and
supply them with more information about using
irrigation water and create a guidance instrument for
these regions and support them by implements of
movement.
3 - Support the graduates by finance because of the DROP of
their financial ability delay the land to reach the
productivity and makes some of them leaves the land
unfruitful or sell it secretly.
4 Codification the reality of using water and fulfill amounts
with free of charge which depend on water
compensation of crops . And dictate a specific price for
the excess water.
5 - Find additional water sources by mixing Drainage water
after treating it, using water wells, working to decrease
the losses of water in canals and drains and improving
water gates to exact water distribution.
6 - Exactitude the irrigation requirements and modification
the alternation system with type of crops and soils .
7 - Concerning about the projects of improving weakly
production lands and arrangement between improving
programs, returning fertility for planting lands and
drainage proj ects in new lands and continue in new
reclaimed lands projects.
8Giving the maximum efforts for agricultural scientific
research centers to produce a great sequent flow of
practical searches results according to the newest
technological methods for new lands in environmental
defending and the maintenance of water resource and
rationalizeof using it.