الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
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Cotton is a main contributor to the GDP and major source
of foreign finance essential for economic development. It
constitutes a major source of income for around two million
farmers and over half a million of laborers in processing and
trade . Moreover .cotton is a major input for a vast majority of
economic and trade activities ~and major input for spinning and
weaving industries.
Egypt has unique comparative advantage in the production of
high quality cotton ~it used to have a considerable market share
of the extra long fine cotton category . the decline of Egyptian
cotton exports over the last few year has resulted in remarkable
loss of the source of foreign exchange and noticeable shrinking
of its market share.
Traditional importers of the Egyptian cotton have found it
more advantages for them to replace the Egyptian cotton for
other varieties of cotton .
In view of the exaggeration of the quality price premier for the
Egyptian cotton varieties, international .spinners were forced to
reduce their imports of Egyptian cotton specially with the
technological . advancement in the spinning industry which has
made it possible to produce the same quality of yarn from a
lower quality cotton.
The objective of this study is to analyze reasons of reduction
of the Egyptian cotton exports and the set of the policy reforms
advocated in the currently pursued structural adjustment program
related to production, marketing and trade liberalization and its
likely impact on determining the market has of the Egyptian
cotton exports .
The study aims at investigating the impact of the economic
liberalization policy on the cotton crop economy , beside
estimating detailed special impact of each of the policies major
implications on the Egyption cotton economy . It also seeks an
assessment of the cotton economy performance and dynamics
and their determinats .
Furthermore , the study tends to analyze and discuss the
difficulties and obstacles that face the increase of productivity ,
profitability , competitivity and continuity of the cotton sector,
and finding out the possible solution for improving its
performance level.
j .
The study adopts many statistical methods and analytical
tools in estimation. In addition, it uses some standard indicatore
for estimating the economic and production efficiency during the
base period ( 1974-1986 )befor applying the economic
liberalization policy , and during the comparative period
(1987-1999) . Morever , the study uses the” T test” to test the
differences between means, and the dummy variables to identify
and shedlinght upon the differences between the two economic
periods with respect to both the economic and physical variables
. The study indicated a decreasa in the average cultivated area
from about 1189 throusand feddan during the period
(1974-1986) presenting the period before applying the economic
•. t’
liberalization policy to about 863 thousand feddan as an average
for the period ( 1987-1999) representing a period of the
economic liberalization policy implementation reflecting upon
the crop’s total production.
Use of dummy variables permitted comparisons between the
rates of annual change for either area, yield or total production
in general , the diminishing trends characterizing both periods
were noticeably slowed down during the second period ,i.e.
economic liberation phase .
The study set focus on major economic factors that
influence the cotton crop production . It was shown that farmgate
prices, total costs per feddan , the net return of feddan , the
net feddan and profitability per monuth in current Prices took an
increasing time trends during the studied periods, with expected
higher increasing rates for the ” T test ”period. Despite the
highest inflationary rate for a ”T test” period real ( deflated)
growth rates were higher than the corresponding estimates for
the per liberalization period .
Emergence of large private sector vertically integrated
firms is expected in the very near future such firms may be
domestic firms tied to international cotton traders or garment
buyers , more coordination action and agreements or
partnerships between traders , ginners and spinners are eminent.
Private seed cotton traders may buy lint , import cheaper lint and
polyester to blend and have it spun , woven and made it and
exported.
The study estimated the marketing efficiency during the time
period . 1987/1988 - 1998/1999 per 83.42 % this is to compared
with the marketing efficienty estimated for the period
1974/1975-1986/1987 (befor applying the economic
liberalization policy) at 84.97%.