الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted on jojoba seeds and by-product to evaluate their chemical and biological quality as alternative source of protein material. Chemical composition of jojoba seeds grown at El-Kassassin and at El-Sheikh Zoied and their by-products were determined. Physicochemical properties, fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols of jojoba oil were identified and determined by gas liquid chromatography. Elimination of anti-nutritional factors from jojoba by-product were curried out. Amino acids composition and jojoba protein subunits molecular weight of jojoba seeds are studied. Beside nutritional evaluation of jojoba meal and their protein isolate were curried.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
I: Chemical composition of jojoba seeds and by-products:
The chemical composition of jojoba seeds grown at El-Kassassin and at El-Sheikh Zoid and their by-products were determined, data show that, jojoba seeds contained 4.1510.09 to 6.3810.09% moisture, total lipid 48.7310.59% to 50.9510.59%. Crude protein 15.3510.22 to 16.3410.22%, total carbohydrates 15.3510.08 to 16.3410.08%, crude fiber 4.4210.26 to 5.3110.26% and ash content 1.6110.03 to 1.8810.03%. While defatted meal had 30.5811.12% crude protein to 32.1911.12, respectively. Total carbohydrate 40.3110.11 to 41.9510.11%. Crude fiber 11.1510.14% and ash content was found to be 3.2010.05 to 3.3310.05% for defatted meal respectively.
Simmondsin in jojoba seeds and meal contained 1.24±0.01% and 2.49±0.02%. Total phenolic compounds content of jojoba seeds, jojoba meal and jojoba by-product were 1.32-1.36%, 2.64-2.72% and 2.67% respectively. Phytate content was found to be 1.19-1.22% and 2.38-2.42% for jojoba seeds and
defatted meal.
Since, jojoba meal can be considered as a rich source for protein after removing anti-nutritional factors from the meal.
II. Physicochemical properties, fatty acids, sterols and hydrocarbons of jojoba oils:
a- from the data presented in this study, physical properties of jojoba oils could be noticed that refractive index of jojoba oil seed (grown under salinity stress, 3000 ppm at El-Kassassin) was 1.4604 and jojoba seed oil (grown at Sheikh Zoid) was 1.4634, color 35 yellow and 4.30 red, specific gravity was 0.864 and 0.858 and melting point 11°C. The chemical properties of jojoba oils as follow : Acid value was low (0.71-0.88), saponification value ranged from 93.19 to 94.22, peroxide value was relatively small (0.88-0.91), iodine value ranged from 81.64±0.47 to 83.01±0.47, ester value of oils was 92.32 to 93.51 and unsaponifiable matter of jojoba oil ranged from 49.51 to 52.42%, respectively.
b- Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) was used for determining fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols of jojoba oils. The obtained results show that jojoba seed oil contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acid ranged from 99.86% to 99.20% of total fatty acids. Hydrocarbons
content of the unsaponifiable matter of jojoba seed oil (grown under salinity stress 1000 and 3000 ppm at El-Kassassin) were 98.15% and 96.99% and jojoba seed oil (grown at El-Sheikh Zoied) was 97.47% of the total unsaponifiable matter, while the sterols were 1.24%, 1.69% and 1.11% of total unsaponifiable matter for the abovementioned oil.