الفهرس 
المقدمهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
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SUMMARY
Orange fruit is considered among the main crops in Egypt, it constitute an essential part
of human intake. More important agric. Processing is based on Orange crop. This study
showed that Orange as the most important fruit crops where it contributes with acuItivated
surface that 218000.3 fed. in 1996, that represents30 % from the total surface fruits in Egypt.
Kalubia governorate is considered one of the main governorates in the cultivation of
Orange crop as the surfaces of Orange represent 18.8 %, 14.9 % & 6.4 % from the total
,
surface of Egypt as Navel, Local & Sweet Orange for these types, within 96/1997.
This study is concerned with the problem where: Few years ago the amount of Orange
exports in Kalubia dropped down because the decline of Orange production in one hand &
the refusal of production to sell there Orange to the packinghouse in Kalubia in other hand.
Orange suffers from law productive with a law per capita annual share Orange in Egypt in
comparison other countries.
The research aimed to study the economics of the Egyptian Qrange exports, and the
production represented in the needs, which affect exporting and other essential factors. It
used means of descriptive and quantitative analyze the statistical data.
This study is divided into five chapters: the first chapter deals with the references, the
second chapter is concerned the geographical distribution of orange kinds in Egypt, the third
chapter is concerned fruits production and Orange kinds growth in Egypt and Kalubia
governorate, the fourth chapter is concerned the choice of the sample description for orange
production at Kalubia govemorate, finally the fifth chapter is concemed marketing ~tivity
for Orange crop and the study of geographical distribution of Egyptian exports Orange.
The study of geographic distribution of cultivated area of Orange in Kalubia during the
period (87-1996) shows that Toukh district is considered the main district in Kalubia. The
annual cultivated area of Orange represent about 44.4 %,22.90/0,16.1 %,4.6 %.4.5 %,4.4
% & 2.9 % of their average fulti:vated area iii KaIubia 28870 feddans.
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The sample of study was taken from villages Kafrel-Gernal tn Toukh district and its
number is 210 farmers.
Deals, with a description of the sample, the basics of its selection from inside Toukh, it
had been revealed that the frame of distribution divided on 46 villages as Local, Navel &
Sweet Orange are most important Orange types, and through the study of the relative
importance of the cultivated types of Orange on the level of Toukh within the year of] 997, it
had been revealed that the village of Kafrel - Gemal had occupied the first position regarding
the cultivated surface of Local Orange, it had contributed with 19.6 %, and the village of
Shoubra Hares carne in the first position regarding the cultivated surface of Sweet Orange,
With a percentage of 26.35%. As well Kafr Mansour village came in the first position
regarding the cultivated surface of Navel Orange with a percentage of 6,38% from the total
of the crop on the level of the district, and as for the total surface, the village ofToukh came
in the first position with a surface of775 fed., that represent about 5.78% from the total of
Orange surface at the district Toukh within 96/1997.
The study is depended on the criteria for the values of the items of production
requirements, fed. production, fed. revenue, the net income from fed. & the profitability of
the invested pound. As for the total of the costs for the production of the fed., these costs
had reached its maximum for the Navel Orange about 1103 pounds for the fed. & its
minimum for the sweet Orange about L.E. 925 for the fed. As the price of cultivated ton
had reached its maximum for the Navel Orange about L.E. 700 for the ton and its minimum
for the Egyptian Orange about L.E.500 for the ton. As the revenue from the fed. reached its
maximum for the Navel Orange about L.E. 9397 for the fed. and its minimum for the Sweet
Orange about L.E.4075. As the profitability of the invested pound had reached its
maximum for the Navel Orange about 8,52 pounds & its minimum for the sweet Orange
about L.E. 4.41 for the fed.
The study showed that the change in productivity of Orange was explained mainly by
the changes in the quantities used from the following inputs: number of mechanical work,
nitrogen, phosphorus, number of the trees, paper fertilizers & organic matter.
The study had demonstrated the assessment of the functions of production costs for
Orange types, as all the estimations of the costs functions for the types of Local, Navel,
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Sweet Orange had indicated that the productive efficiency had not yet been reached,
accordingly it is possible to allocate the economic sources of lands for the production of
these types in order to enhance its economic and productive efficiency. The study showed
that the marketing costs of Orange types at Kalubia governorate and the knowledge of the
pattern of marketing costs. It had been revealed that the total of marketing costs had reached
about L.E.280, 260, 241 for the ton of Local, Navel & Sweet Orange.
In the case of wholesaler, the marketing margins had reached L.E. 0.25, 0.2, 0.2 for the
kilo for Orange types. While, the fanner share of in these price differences had reached
52.2 %, 56%,55 % for Local, Navel & Sweet Orange.
The study showed that the area under cultivation of Orange is declining & products
substitute Orange. Also, the study showed that Orange production is declined because
Orange prices are relatively low and do not much with the high costs of production.
The study showed that problems facing Kalubia Orange are: low Orange crop, insects
control, Orange marketing, Orange packing station, Orange area large.
The competitive position of Egypt in Orange exports represented 1.87% of the world import
during the period from 1988 to 1995 against 2.4% during the period 1980 to 1987.
This study lighted that the Egyptian Orange exports were affected by many factors such
as: exposures in the local market the demand & the demand of this commodity in the foreign
markets. Also it referred to costumes privileges for Egypt and some other’ competitive
countries in the European market. Orange exports are concentrated in fresh represent 90000
ton during the period from 1980 to 1996.
The study classified the most important world markets, which import Orange as the
following: - Markets of the forme. Soviet Union were considered the most important
markets for the Egyptian Orange. -Markets in western European Countries, the
Britain is one of the most important markets for the Egyptian Orange. -An Arab
Country markets especially Saudi Arabia & Emirate Arabia for Orange mean. -Markets
of Eastern European Countries are not traditional for the Egyptian Orange.