الفهرس 
الإطار النظري والإستعراض المرجعييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 128 |  |  |
| | | from | 128 | | |
المستخلص
Summary
The rural woman has been dealing with the environment around her in accordance with the inherited trillions and spontaneous behaviors imposed on rural community. Those environmental elements, around rural woman, have some negative impacts on each of the rural woman and rural community where she lives. The negative environmental impacts impede different development processes.
Consequently, the rural woman is thought to play a vital role in Conserving and monitoring resource use, keeping balance regarding different environmental elements, and pollution reduction throughout her role implementation.
In order to cope with different environmental pollution problems, it is of utmost importance to monitor different available behavioral patterns in relation to both individuals and groups. Therefore, it is important redirect those environmental problems brought about by bad behavioral patterns in dealing with the environment. Those bad environmental behavioral problems came as a consequence to of low environmental consciousness. Therefore, different environmental conservation strategies that take the lead throughout changing rural woman behaviors, as individuals and groups, may play a significant role in reducing seventy
and intense of this problem.
Agricultural extension is considered an educational system and is thought to have the capability to play a significant
-1-
role in environmental conservation due to the widespread of its bases all over the Egyptian rural areas. It has the capability to create awareness among rural women in dealing with the environment properly and safely.
The importance of the expected role, thought to be played by the Egyptian extension service in environmental conservation, is due to the fact that agricultural extension itself is an educational system deals with all members of rural family members. Agricultural extension may monitor different rural family members to have positive altitude towards environmental conservation. Environmental conservation can be reflected in making different rural family members have desired and positive environmental behavioral patterns.
The specific objectives of the study were as follows :
(1)To identify some demographic (personal), socio -economic, and communicative characteristics in relation with the rural woman. Those studied variables were age, obtained education, obtained education by children (daughters and sons), family agricultural land ownership, house environmental health condition, informal social participation, participation in projects and activities related to environmental services, contact with change agents, leadership, children’s educational ambition, children’s job ambition, and attitude towards environmental conservation.
(2)To identify applicability of different environmental conservation practices by rural woman regarding pollution and pollutants.
-2-
(3)To study relationship between applicability of different studied environmental conservation practices, in encountering pollution, and each of the studied demographic, socio-economic., cultural, and communicative variables.
(4)To determine contribution of different studied independent variables in interpreting the variance in the studied dependent variable.
(5)To identify different environmental problems of critical importance as perceived by rural woman (the study participants).
(6)To identify different suggestion reported by the study participants as a way, according to their perception, to cope with rural different environmental problems.
The study was conducted in villages of El-Manayel (Ei-Khanka District, Kalioubia Governorate), and Mit- Rahina (Badrashin District, Giza Governorate). The study data were collected during the period March-April, 2003. The research sample size was drawn as 10% ( 146 rural women) of the total rural woman population in the two selected villages. Five rural women of the originally drawn sample were omitted for some technical reasons. The drawn sample size was determined at the end as 141 rural women (83 rural women from El-Manayel village, and 58 rural women from Mit-Rahina village, A pretested written questionnaire and interpersonal interviews were used in collecting the study data. The pretest was conducted on 30 rural woman of Fanons village, Tamiah District, Fayoum Governorate.
-3-
Simple correlation coefficient, step-wise multiple regression, in addition to arithmetic mean and percentage, were used an analyzing the accrued study data.
The main findings of the study were as the following:
(1)About 87% of the study participants were in the age range of 16-55 years; Illiteracy dominated the majority of the study participants and their children; family agricultural land ownership was low; housing environmental health condition, children educational ambition, children job ambition, attitude towards modernization, attitude towards environmental conservation were high; informal social participation were mid in general; participation in projects and activities of environmental service, contact with change agents, and leadership were low.
(2)The study participants reported that they apply seven environmental conservation practices (range of 0.35-0.84). Those practices were ranked, in a descending way in accordance with their response frequencies, as: removal of dead birds in a proper way, use of bio-gas or electric stoves in baking breads, removal of pesticides traces and waste in a proper way, removal of empty pesticides packages (e.g., cartoons, bottles, cans, etc.), in a proper way, and use of electric or gas heaters.
Six environmental conservation practices, with a range of 0.85-1.33 reported by the study participants and were ranked in a descending way as: removing bathing water properly, damping garbage (trashes. and wastes) in an appropriate designed place, turning birds’ manure into fertilizers, using the appropriate place
-4-
for animal cleanness, storing grains properly, and turning agricultural wastes into feeding rations and fertilizers and eight environmental conservation practices (with a range of 1.34-1.82) and were ranked in a descending way, in accordance with their importance, as: washing cooking utensils in the appropriate place, washing clothes in its proper place, taking baths by family members at the designed and appropriate place, using bathroom for excretory needs, using gas stove in cooking, using the sanitary drainage in removing housing wastes„ removing properly dirty water after used in cleaning and washing utensils, and removing properly dirty water after used in washing clothes .
(3) There were positive significant relationships (at 0.01 significance level) between the dependent variable, rural woman activity practices related to environmental conservation, and each of the studied independent variables: children’s obtained education, informal social participation, participation in projects and activities related to environmental service, and leadership.
There were positive significant relationships (at 0.05 significance level) between the dependent variable, rural woman activity practices related to environmental conservation, and each of the studied independent variables: housing environmental health, contact with change agents, children’s job ambition, and attitude towards environmental conservation. There was a negative significant relationship (at 0.05 significance level) between the dependent variable, rural woman activity practices related to environmental conservation, and the
-5-
studied independent variable of family agricultural land ownership.
Four studied independent variables (participation in environmental service activities, children’s obtained education conservation) combined together explained 17% of the variance in the dependent variable. The independent variable, participation in environmental service activities, family agricultural land ownership, and attitude towards environmental alone participated in explaining about 7% of the variance in the dependent variable, followed by children’s obtained education (about 4%), then family agricultural land ownership (about 4%), and attitude towards environmental conservation (about 2%).
(4)The study participants reported that there were six critical environmental problems. Those problems, ranked in a descending way, were: unavailability of sanitary drainage, unavailability of clean potable drinking water, damping burning garbage in (he village roads, burning rice hay, availability of huge numbers of insects and mosquitoes in both irrigation canals and the roads, and throwing and damping dead animals in both the roads and canals.
(5)Eight suggestions were reported by the respondents in order to improve the available environmental conditions. Those suggestions, ranked in a descending way, were: implementing sanitary drainage projects, introducing clean potable drinking water to village houses, providing enough methods and means for garbage collection, turning agricultural wastes in animal feeding rations, emphasizing road cleanness, using safe sprays in insect and mosquito
-6-
control, increasing awareness against burning rice hays, imposing excessive financial sanctions against damping wastes in both the roads and irrigation canals, and removing wastes periodically from both irrigation and drainage
canals.
The study, based upon its previously mentioned findings, suggested the following to be raised to policy-makers:
(t) Emphasizing importance of rural woman development in improving the Egyptian villages. Rural woman development program should have the lead in providing enough education to rural woman and creating awareness, among them, concerning environmental conservation practices.
(2)Emphasizing rural woman involvement in different environmental conservation programs, projects, and activities. She should be participated actively in planning and implementing of the development projects, activities and programs.
(3)Emphasizing the need to use different independent variables, in addition to the used ones in that study, in the future research concerning rural woman activity practices related to environmental conservation.