الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current investigation aimed at studying the effect of application of some organic materials as natural conditioners on some physical and chemical properties of sandy soils as well as the availability of some plant nutrients and their uptake by barely plants grown thereon. The used organic materials were chicken manure (CM), rice straw charcoal (RSCH) ”rice straw burned anaerobic”; sugar beet straw compost (SBSC) ”sugar beet leaves and residues resulted from preparation of roots and before squeezing them to obtain sugar in El-Hamoul Factory at Kafr El-Shaikh Governorate, and sugar lime (SL). The sugar lime is a waste product of refinery industry resulting from sugar beet factories (El-Hamoul Factory at Kafr El-Shaikh Governorate). It is an aggregated powder of light brown colour. The lumps break down easily to very fine powder on the soil surface. The sugar lime (mud) rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3, 73.1%).
Soils :
Two surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected, the first was sandy soil from Meet Kenana Kalubia Governorate, whereas the second was calcareous sandy clay loam from Maryut.
The experimental work:
Two greenhouse experiments were carried out using each of two soils:
A - The first experiment: (A biological experiment):
A pot experiments was carried out using plastic pots of 5 kg capacity. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, factorial; involving two factors:
1)The organic soil conditioner: There were 4 conditioners as mentioned.
2)The rate of addition: There were three rates i.e. 2, 4, 8% (w/w)
A no-organic matter treatment (i.e. no addition of organic conditioners) was also, carried out. Therefore there were 13 treatments (i.e. 4(organic materials) x 3 (rates) + 1 no addition). Treatments were don in three replicates. Organic materials conditioner were added and thoroughly mixed with the soil for each pot. All pots were watered to maintain the soil moisture content at about field capacity. Six month after addition of the used organic materials, 20 barley grains (Hordun vulgara cv. Giza. 123) per pot were sown. Pots were watered to maintain the soil moisture content at soil field capacity during the period of the experiment. The experiment continued for 45 days. Barley seedlings were cut and oven dried at 70°C, and the dry weight was recorded and milled and kept for determination of N, P , K , Fe , Zn and Mn. After cutting the plants the soils were kept for another period of 140 days (i.e. total of one year during which moisture was kept at field capacity).
B - The second experiment ( Fallow experiment) :
The second experiment was carried out like the first without planting (left fallow through the one-year duration of
the experiment). After preparation, soil pots were left without cultivation for one year, at the end of which samples were taken for analysis.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1) Physical properties:
Addition of organic material decreased soil bulk density whereas increased total porosity in both soils.
Addition of organic materials in general, increased the VDP, but decreased the WHP and FCP in the sandy soil whereas in the calcareous VDP was decreased with addition of all the added organic material except for rice straw charcoal. WHP and FCP were increased with addition of all the added organic materials except for rice straw charcoal where they decreased.
Soil hydraulic conductivity decreased in the sandy soil whereas increased in the calcareous one.
Addition of organic materials increased the soil water content at field capacity, wilting point and hence the available water content in both soils except for, the rice straw charcoal in the calcareous soil where it decreased them.