الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
This work deals with valleys (Wadis) in the
southern area of Sinai Peninsula, where ten profiles
representing six of these valleys were prepared. The
studied valleys namely are:
1- Wadi Sidr: represented by profile I.
2- Wadi Sidri: represented by profiles 2, 3 and 4 .
3- Wadi Araba El- Soghier: represented by profiles 5
and 6 •
4- Wadi El- Awage : represented by profiles 7 and 8
5- Wadi Mehash: represented by profile 9.
6- Wadi Abu- Gerf: represented by profile 10.
Soil profiles were examined and morphologically
described taken into consideration some important
features such as topography, slope, vegetation, ... etc.
soil samples representing the sub-sequent horizons or
layers of each profile were removed for sake of further
ph Y sic a l , _~hem ica I and min era log ica I a na 1y se s •
The main results can be briefly summarized as follows:
1- The soils texture, in general, is coarse, where
the sand comprises the dominant fraction except one
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profile in Wadi £1- Awage (profile 8) where the texture
is silty clay or even clay in the deepest layer.
2- The soil content of gravels seems to represent
a serieus proplem in profiles 5, 6 (Wadi Arba £l-Soghier)
and profile 7 (Wadi £1- Awage), profile 9 (Wadi Mehash),
and profile 10 (Wadi Abu Gerf) with values between 10
to 57.00 % .
3- Soil organic matter was ev idently low ranging
in the surface layer, between 0.13 % in Wadi Mehash and
0.87 in Wadi Sidr soils.
..-
4- The studies soils can be described generally as
calcareous soils, showing lime content exceeding 50 % ,
however, this content low in some case where the miner
values 0.55 % was recorded in the deepest layer of profile
7 (Wadi El - Awage).
5- Concerning salinity and sodicity deterioration
the soils of Wadi Araba £1- Soghier (profiles 5, 6) and
profile 7 (in Wadi £1 .- Awage) can be classified as normal
soils free of both salinity and sodicity, all the other
s0 i 1s are a ffec ted wit h sal ub le sal tsin 0ne 0 r rnare layer
of the prof”ile meanwhile sodicity was detected only in
prof ile 3 (Wad i S idr i ) and 8 (Wad i EI- Awage) yielding a
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non saline sodic soil in the upper two layer of profile
3 (Wadi Sidri) and the surface one in profile 8 (Wadi
EI- Awage).
6- The soil pH are occuring at the alkaline side,
more than 7.3. However, values more than 8.9 were recorded
in the soils of Wadi Sidri (profile 3 between 8.9
- 9.0) and Wadi Mehash (8.9 to 9.3), though a pH value
of 8.6 was recorded through layers 2 and 3 of profile 7
(Wadi EI- Awage ) .
7- The dominant soluble cation is either Ca+2 or
Na+ followed by Mg+2 while K+ is of the least abundance
ion mean while Cl or 8°4-2 is the most abundant anion
and HCO; is the 1eas t abundan t an ion.
8- The CEC values were evidently low ranging between
2.4 and 10.00 meq/ 100 g soil, however, profile 8
(Wadi El- Awage) represent an exception showing CEC
values ranging from 15.S0 to 25.00 % meq/ 100 g soil.
9- Within the exehangeable cations, Ca+2 was the
dominant ion followed by Mg+2 then by Na+ while K+ is
the least abundant .
10- In the soils of both Wadi 8idr and Wadi EI-Awage,
the mean size tends to be finer suggesting that the uniform
and graded suspension m.~chanisms are considerably present.
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The soils of Wadi Sidri, Wadi Araba El-Soghier and Wadi
Mehash are characterized by the occurence of rolling
and suspension as a major mechanism and sllspension
and rolling as a minor one. Whereas in the soils of
Wadi Abu - Gerf, the graded suspension as well as rolling
and suspension are predominant as the mechanisms
of transportation.
11- The sorting value (very well- well and moderately
sorted) are dominating in Wadi Sidr and ~Vadi El-
Awage indicating the prevailiance of a continuous reworking
while the sorting values (moderately and poorly sorted)
prevailing in Wadi Sidri, Arba El- Soghier and Wadi
Mehash indicating a buried rapidly of sediments and no
gentle reworking. On the other hand the sorting values
of Wadi Abu- Gerf indicate a relatively rapid buring of
sediments with no gentile reworking.
12- The kurtosis distribution in Wadies Sidr and
EI-AWage is somewhat unimodal representing mesokurtic and
corresponds to very low energy envirorument while the
kurtosis indices of WacHs Sidri, Arba El- Soghier and
Mehash are generally moderately varied representing a
platy - meso and leptokurtosis corresponding to relatively
low- energy envirornnent. On the other hand the non normal
distribution of kurtosis in Wadi Abu- Gerf corresponds tor
slightly high energy environment.
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13- The skewness values of all the soils show
abimodal and non normal distribution indicating a mixing
of two or more modal fractions.
14~ The distinictive heavy minerals of the sand
distribution fraction~re ~ was in the order of opaques,
amphiboles, pyroxenes, zircon, rutile, andalusite ,biotite
and kyanite, respectively.
15- The distribution of light minerals showed
quartz as a dominant mineral followed by feldspars (orthoclase,
plagioclase and microcline) •
16- The parameters of profile development and unu~
fermity such as distribution of heavy minerals, index
figures, Z/ R, Z/ T, Z/ R + T , weathering ratios (Wri,
Wr2, wr3) showed that these soils were of multi-origin
developed on recent depositions of Nile- like sediments.
17- Tentatively evaluation showed that:
A- Soils represented by profiles 4 and 7 of Wadis Sidri
and El- Awage were”Fair soils”.
B- Soils represented by profiles 3 of Wadi Sidri were
” poor soils”
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y c- Soils represented by profile 1 of Wadi Sid, profiles
5, 6 of Wadi Arba £1- Soghier, profile 8 of Wadi
El- Awage, and profile 9 of Wadi Mehash were very
poor soi Is ”
D- Soils represented by profile 2 of Wadi Sidri and
profile 10 of Wadi Abu- Gerf were n non- agricultural”