الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tomato and summersquash are considered two of the
main vegetable crops in Egypt. The annual cul~ivated
area ’;of tomato \mB about )03 thousand feddens (33.98 %
of the cultivated arEBof vegetables in Egypt’, producing’:
about 2.013 ~llion tons (30.91% of vegetables produotion
in Egypt). The value of such production is about L.E
73.93 millions (47.30% of vegetables value in Egypt) ,
as averages of the period 1974 - 1978. MDrever, tomato
is cossidered one of the most important exported vegetable,.
its annual exports value was L.E 0.61 m1l1ona (2.60%
of vegetable exports value ) in the average of the period
1974 - 1978.
Annua1 cultivated az-ea of’ sun:mer squash \vaB about 49
thousand feddans (5,47% of the cultivated area of vegetables
in Egypt), prociucing about 373 thousnd tons (5.7.3%
of vegetables produotion in Egypt) , the value of’ such
production vms L.E. 8.20 millions (0.22 % of vegetables
in Egypt), that as averages of the period 1974-1978.
Besides, both tomato and summer sguash has importance
feeding, where they contain many of’ vi tami DB and mineral
.alta.
The objeotive of this thesis is analyzing the economics
of produotion fIld consumption of’ tcaato and SUDDI19r
squash, the a.nalysiJI~!B divided in”to four c;bapt8rB, ”the
first and the seoond chapters are conoerned vrl.th production
analysis of both vegetables, the third and the
fourth chapters are ooncerned vith tll! ane.lytis ot consumption
ot the two vegetables.
This thesis has used the statistioal analysis method
and inducti ve method in economio analysis using both the
qualitative and quantitative analysis depending mainly
upon the data obtained from official agencies such as
General Mobilization and Statistics 6enteral Agenc~ and
Ministry of Agriculture.
Tomato Production in Egypt,
The main produetivG governorates of tom~~in Egypt,
a.ccording to the cultivated area nnd production, are =
~ El Sharkiri, El Behera, Payoum, Giz2~ El :~lyobia. Kafr
El Shiekh, and Dakahlia. Tho total cul, tive.ted area in
thosaS&ven gove~tes represents about 69 % of the
total cultivated area of tomato in Egypt, produoing about
70 % of the nationnl production. the average cultivated
area of tamnto An Egyp~ was about 232 thousand feddnns
and it had annual increasing rote dr about 4.36 % of the
average .vi tlr!.n the period 1960 - 1978/ This increasing_
rnte took place in 0.11studied governorntes with a mnzimum
of ~4 % in Fayoum.
With regard to the average ~eld per feddan, the
study has shown that the yield of su.nmer cultivation was
- I
the highest one followa by mIll ’8 and winter’s. The-
average produoed quantities were 7.24 , 6.92, and 5.19
tons per feddan for ea.ch of them respect! vely, the taverage
yield in Egypt rea.ched 6.39 tons with an annual
increaa1.ng rate of aiout 0.47 % wi thin the stud1ng
period.
In addition, the average of total quantity produaed
of tomato 1n Egypte was 1.491 mi111on tons with an increasing
unnual rate amounts to about 4.78 % wi thin the
period 1960 - 1978. This rate has n mo.:x:imum in Fayoum
amounts 9.01 % of i t8 average which was 122 thousand
tons with:Ln the studing period.
The statistioal stddy of determinnt1ng factors of
qusnt1~y produoed of tomato has showed that cultivated
area of tomato explains about 96 % of total varia tiona
in the total produotion of tomato, while it explains
a.bout 98 % , 96 %, 67 % of these vo.riations of n1111,
summer and winter tomato respeot! vely. Besides I the
stady of effecting factors on cultivated area of tomoto
(farm pre-period price J pre- period prices or net revenue
ra.tio between competi t1.v6 crops and tomato ) has shown
that the important one of those faotors is tomato preperiod
price. !J!heanalysis has shown that the other
factors have insignificant impaot on cultivated area of
tomato.
The study of prodUction cost per ~eddan of winter
tOLI0tO reveals that total, variable, and constont oosts
amount to about L.E. 75.’0. 56.58 and 18.47 respectively.
Coet. of workers Wages represent the highest prpport1on of
var1ab1a cost, that is L.E. 25.34 represents 33.77% and
44.79 % of total and variable costs respectively in the
a.verage of the period 1965 - J.978. Average Gost per ton
,
of produotion was bbout L.E. 19.71 in the average of the
same period. !rhe study showed toot each of these types
of c0l!ts was increasing at annual rate within the period
1965 ,..1978.
Net revenue per feddan of \dnter tomato was about L.E.
216.56 und h..’l.S inoreeJl1ng cnnuaf, rate vd.th:l.n the period
1965 •. 1978. In a.ddit1on, net revenue per 1eddn.n of tomato
was about six times of its counterpart of cotton, and WUB
about five cO\Ulterpa~ of brood bean.
If area and production of tomato oontinue to aeNeas
at the same rate, cultivateti area of tomato in Egypt is
expected to reaoh 394, 445, 495 and 546 thousand fnddana
in 1985, 1990 , 1995 and 2000 respectively, its quantity err
production is expected to reach 2-.631, 2.981, 3.344 and
).700 million tons in the same years.
_Co;nsumpt1on of tomato in Egypt
~e study of tomato consumption revealed that deiIlOg--
raphic factors have an” effect on tomato’s consumption in
~tJ the annual per capito. expen4:1.ture of tomnto decreases
w:Llth the inoreasing of family size and structure, and it
inpreo.ses with the increasing o£ educational and pro:tesa1onal
state, the study. showed also the effect of urban-rural oomposi
tion on tomat~,’s oonsumption in Egypt. :Per cup! tu annual consumption
of to.1Iie:wtoas 2.3.99 and 13.99’kg in urban and rural
areas repeotively, its value was L.E. 1.82 and 1.06 represents
1,18 % and 1.71 % of total annuaJ. oonsumption expenditure in
urban and rur&l areas in 1975.
Oo.nsumpt1o~expenditure el~ttioi.ty of tomato in physioal
qunntitty is estimated ~ramthe semi-log model runounts to about
0.5.3, 0.67 in urban and ruml areus respectively in 1975.
Expenditure dlo.stio1ty of that model a.mounts to uJlout 0.599,
0.746 in urban a nd J:”LU’O.1 areas Nppec tively in the SlJJllQ year.
,<,<
It is expeoted that the qurtntity consumed of tomo.to in
Egypt will reach 1.a,Jl.6. 2.1 and 2.8 million tons in 1985,
1990, 1995 and 2000 respect! vely.
Summer Squash. produotion in EgyjJt I
Cultivated aren of summer&;\LO.shis oonoentrated, alSo, in
seven ma.1n goveJ1~tes, they are, CU”1”EUJged in deacewtfng order.
nocording to cultivated area and produotion, Zl Kalyobia El Sharkio.;”
El~:Behern, G121D., Alexandria, Esmnel1a and Elmonof~.
Total cultivated area ot summer squash ~~th08& governorates
:represents about 96 % of the totnl oul.t1vnted area of 8’UX11D8r
sqUO,JJh ~n Egypt, produc1118about 86 10 of summer squash national
i produotion. ~he average eul tivated urea of 81mPer squash in
Egyplf; wBil about 41 thouaand fedduna increcsing nth a.nno.uo.l
rotei of u~ 3.32 % wi th:l.n the perlod 1960 - 1978, thn;” :ls
truo j,n most o£ studied governora tea ,vith a maxiImml of about
7.74 % in El She.r1d.a.
Ave~ yield per teddan 1a higher for __ 1’ ••• on
thnn for 1d.1U and winte~ aeo.aons I 1.t Was 9.8a. 7.56t and
5.18 tona peZ’ teddan in each of them respectively, and it ~ . -,
reaohed 7.01 tOM per teddan 1n Egypt wi.th an 1no~Q8ins
.j
o.nnuo.1 :rate of a.bout 0.40 % !1th1n the period 196&-1978.
Beaid... total quantity produced ot 8UJlIZI$r _quash j,n
Egypt was about 300 thoUJUmd tons 1ncrenaed with an annuel
rate of llbout 3•.32 %, thi8 rnte hoJI 0. m.nx1mumin &l. Ko.lybb1a.
of nbout 8.28 ~ of its average in it which ~ 47 thousand
tons within tbe considered period.
The study of faotors a.ffecting <n summer ~h production
ho.8 shown that 1IUltivo.ted areo. of nDlUr squash explo.-
ina a.bout 99 ” of quantity produced va.riations in Egypt, and
1t expln1ns about 99 %, 98 %, and 68 % of those vnrio;t1olJ8
in summer, ni1li,._ and winter seasons .tile fn.ctom at’:fect1ng
on cultivated area hnd insignifioant effect on that area.
Totnl. var1nble and conste.nt oost of summer squQ8h W08
L... 58.8j, 4.3. 7~ and 15.08 pH tedclan in the’ average of’
- .
1;he period 1965 - 1978 t workere wnges represent the b1.ghest
proportion o’L vo.r1a.ble oost t tho.t 1. 22.05 ” o:t it.
Average coat per ton l1iiia8 about L.E 6.)2. The .tudy revealed
th.e increaa1118 ann~ rate of all thoae typa of coat.
within the period 1965 - 1978.
Average net revenue per feddan of SWIIID8rsquash 1IDIJ
L.E. 1)2.04 in the period 1965-197.3 and it hQII beeD deereQ.
ll1ng w1th an annual rate of about 0.’16 %. In ’the period
1974 • 1978 , the o.verap ne’t 1”evenue ’CUI L.E. 297.29 and
wns increasing at an o.nnua.l rote of about 11.50 s , The
average net revenue of summer squash IJtl8 about four times
that o~ its coun.erpart of oottonood brond bean in the
period 1974 - 1978.
If oultivated azen and production of summer squash
oontinue to inorease at the same rate ns that of the period
1960 - 1978, toto.1 area. in Egypt is expected to zeuch
62, 69. 76 and 8) thousnnd feddroBin 1985. 1990, 1995 and
. .
2000 producing 2.631, 2.987, 3.344 and 3.600 in each ye~
respectively.
Consumption of summer squush in Egypt.
The demographic factors suoh as family size and structure,
profession aui education, and urbn.n.wruml composi t10n
affeot on summer squash consumption in Egypt o.s that 01
r
tomuto. Per cap! t~ annuaf, expendi tuxe on summer squash
was about L.E. 0.31 and 0.18 in urban and rura.l areas
represent 1.71” and 0.37 % of totnl nnnU£l.l expendituxe
respectively tn 1975.
Consumpt1on;”expenditure elustic1t;y of summer squ.e.ah
estimated from the semi-lag model is about 0.903 and 0.675
in urban and ruro.l aNY respectively in 1975.
It is expeoted that the available quantity for consumpt1.
on of summer squash 1IIU 1’8a4~:”)5, 487 t 538 and 590
thcuaend ~ ili 1825 , lSs.o. 19~5,’ ,~nd4000 . respect1ve~y.