الفهرس 
تطور انتاج العنب فى الجمهورية اليمنيةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
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AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GRAPES PRODUCTION AND MARKETING
IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In the Arab Republic of Yemen, the agricultural
sector is regarded as one of the most important sectors
of Yemen’s economic structure. This sector provides jobs
for about one million and a half labourers. They form
about 68.2% out of the total labour force which amounts
to 2.12 million labourers in the different sectors.
The proquction of grape crop faces various problems.
There is scarcity in the analytical economic studies that
handles the relation between the production, the cost and
the prices to measure (assess) the net revenue (returnsincome)
• Moreover, the grape crop is one of the rapid
perishable crops that requires much care during handling
it in the different marketing channels. Now, its
marketing services are confined to performing some
marketing services, and this results in reducing the
grape marketing competence (effectiveness). This also
cause a rise in grape retail prices and the grower
(farmer) gets a low share of the price paid by the
consumer.
The objectives of this study are :
1- Estimating the prod4ction functions in order to
determine the relationship between the value of the
various production factors employed in production
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processes on one hand, and the production of the
hectare on the other.
2- Estimating and analyze costs of production in order
to identify items of costs and their relative
importance. Moreover, estimating value of production
function to identify the elasticity of production
costs and determine the optimum production level
which can be obtained, with the minimum cost for
achieving maximum profit. This enables us to measure
the efficiency of grape cropj and identify the
problems that face farmers or growers in producing
grapes. These relationships, however, promide a lot
of facts and data that enable us to design a
production policy that aims at increasing the
production and consequently increasing the net
revenue of growers which results in increasing the
national income.
3- studying marketing system of grapes to identify
methods and services of marketing and to study the
relationships between farm prices, retail prices and
the problems that face growers of grapes in marketing
their crop. The need of improving the marketing
system and raising the marketing efficiency of this
signific~nt crop will be discussed.
This
chapters,
study includes the
and summary
introduction, five or
and recommendations.
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Chapter one examines the production of grape crop in
the Arab Republic of Yemen in generally, and its
production in Sa na governorate in particular.
Chapter two examines the area under investigation,
the method of sampling, the methods of analysis, and
characteristics of grape farms studied in this sample.
Sanha has been selected as a research area because it
occupies the first position and the leading governorate
in the production of grapes. It produces many types of
the well-known grapes. They are the white grape, the
Raziki grape, the Assirnigrape and the Black grape.
The researcher employed a field research questionnaire
designed especially for this purpose. It included the
aspects related to the size of the area, its division
into small holdings, the different kinds of grapes, all
farming processes, ways of dealing ~ith the product and
the problems that face the cUltivators in producing and
marketing grapes.
The third chapter of this section is concerned with
estimating (assessing) the value of production functions
to some of the rainy grapes: the linear model of the
value of production function of the white rainy grapes
show that the independent factors that have a positive
influence on the production value are Land-renting
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value (Xl), trimming value (X3), fighting pests value
(X4) and the other expenses (X?). It is revealed that the
most positive influence is Land-rent value (Xl) since the
production incremental value is estimated by about 5.99
Rials. Whereas the other indication in the same linear
model refer to the negative factors or variables: digging
grassing value (X2), defoliating value (X5), and
harvesting crop value (X6). The increase of the used
factors by the value of one Rial leads to the decreasing
of the value of the hectare’s production by about: 0.07,
0.05,0.01 Rials respectively. The total coefficient value
to all the factors in the linear model is about 0.996.
This means that it reflects nearly an equivalent return
on the wide, and this value is in accordance with the
resUlts revealed by the Cobb-Douglas function.
The fourth section analyses the production costs of
the grape-crop in the farms of the sample as it contains
three levels of analysis in three parts. Part one is
concerned with analyzing production costs on the levels
of holdings, grades, and the results shows that it is
possible to arrange decendingly the production processes
according to its relative importance to the value of each
one of them, since the rent of the land occupies the
foremost place, and is followed bYr irrigation costs,
digging grassing cost.s, the other expenses, defoliating
costs and fighting pests, costs in the average for the
all grades or levels of the land holdings.
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The fifth section studies analyzing marketing grapes
in the Arab Republic of Yemen. The role of establishments
and the official organizations in marketing the products
is presented. There is a description of vegetables and
fruits markets and we determine the channels and methods
of marketing the grape crop or harvest. Then the study
examines classifying the marketing tasks and functions
that take place: buying and selling process, as the
amount that is sold fresh is about 75.5% out of the total
grape production of the sample. But the amount that is
dried and is made into dried grapes is about 22%, but the
I
remaining amount is about 2.5% out of total production of
the sample, which is devoted to the personal consumption
or otherwise. The study shows that the difference in the
packages in terms of amounts, measurements and capacity
leads to the imbalance in measurements and consequently
leads to the instability of buying & selling prices among
farmers and traders (merchants) in the wholesale markets.
The high price of package that have official standards
prevents farmers from possessing this method and so they
cannot market their production of grapes in this way. The
study reveals that transport costs is, for the farmers,
an expensive process, and in particular for farmers who
do not own cars. The cost of transporting one box from
the production areas to Sanha is about 5 Rials. This cost
from both El~Hodaida and Ta’EZ is nearly about 20 Rials.
Moreover, the central wholesale markets do not have
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freezing stores
grape-harvest to
(refrigerators) and this exposes the
damage, and in particular in Hodaida
Central wholesale market.
The low marketing
retail selling prices,
efficiency is due to the high
and there are not additional
marketing services that are done during the process of
retail selling. This leads to the imblance between the
price that the farmer takes and the price of selling the
grapes to (followed by) the different marketing
organizations in the system of marketing grapes.
Moreover, we do really became aware of the problem
that face farmers in the activity of marketing their
grape-crop or harvest. These problems are :
1- The abundant supply of grapes and the low buying power
of the markets, therefore this leads to reducing
prices in the wholesale markets. ~
2- There are many duties or taxes that the farmer has to
pay in the markets.
3-The high prices of the empty package or the necessities
of wrapping.
4- The high cost of transportation.
5- The lack of freezing stores in the wholesale markets
and this leads to the damage of grapes, in particular
in El-Hodalda wholesale market.