الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried out at El-Karada Animal Experimental Station, Kafer El-Sheikh governorate, which belongs to the Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture from October 2002 to June 2003. The duration of the field experiment was 8 months.
The objective of this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding Bospro and Gustor XXI (as feed additives) to rations on the production performances of production of fattening Friesian male calves.
Twenty-five male Friesian calves of about 9 months old and 187.6 kg live body weight were randomly divided into five similar groups (five for each group) were used in this experiment. The experimental groups were fed the following experimental rations :
Treatment (1): control : CFM + berseem hay + rice straw.
Treatment (2): control plus 30 g Bospro/head/day.
Treatment (3): control plus 45 g Bospro/head/day
Treatment (4): control plus 3 g Gustor XXI / kg ration.
Treatment (5): control plus 4.5 g Gustor XXI / kg ration.
Animals were fed according to (NRC, 1984) and Salama et al., (2001) method, while Salama et al., (2001) method increased 18% than (NRC, 1984) as TDN..
The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows :
1- Comparing between the five experimental treatments indicated that all the experimental treatments had no significant effect on DM and NFE digestion coefficients. Also, T2 recorded the highest (P<0.05) CP digestibility value, followed by T5, T3, T4 and Ti. The differences between T5 and T3 in CP digestibility were not significant, while those between T4 and Ti were significant (P<0.05). Moreover, T2 showed the highest (P<0.05) EE digestibility, followed by T3, T5, 14 and T1 with no significant differences
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among those treatments. In addition, the 12, 13 and T5 significantly (P<0.05) higher than T, and T4 for digestibility of OM and CF.
2-T,, T3 and T5 had significant (P<0.05) higher TDN and DCP values than T, and T4. Also, T2, T3 and Ts had significant (P<0.05) higher SV than T. Whereas, there were no significant differences between T1 and T4 in all nutritive values (TDN, DCP and SV), but 14 had slightly higher nutritive values than T1.
3-Bospro and Gustor XXI addition to the experimental rations increased insignificantly DM, TDN and SV intakes per head per day. T, insignificantly highest values of DMI, TDNI and SVI as kg / h / d, while T1 achieved the lowest once. The DCP intake kg / h / d was almost significantly (P<0.05) increased by the addition of both Bospro and Gustor XXI compared with the control. Calves received diets supplemented with 30 g Bospro /h/d (T2) had significantly higher DCPI (0.773 kg / d) than control group (0.663 kg/h/d) and T4 (0.686 kg /h /d). The averages DMI, TDNI, SVI and DCPI / h /d increased gradually as period progress. The effect of interaction between period and treatments on feed intake (DMI, TDNI, DCP and SVI) were not significant.
4-Calves fed rations supplemented with Bospro and Gustor XXI were more efficient insignificantly (P>0.05) in DM conversion than control group. There were no significant differences in feed conversion values between all treatments and the control group. Results of feed conversion indicated that, calves of T. were more efficient in DMI, TDNI and SVI conversion than Th T3, T4 and T5, while, Ts treated animals were more efficient in DCP conversion than Th T,, T3 and 14.
5-Values of feed cost / kg WG indicated that, T2 and T5 recorded the lowest values being 6.63 and 6.64 LE, respectively, whereas, T3 and T4 showed almost nearly the same values being 7.15 and 7.13 LE, respectively, and they were higher than that of T. T2 and Ts recorded higher economical efficiency values than the control, however, T3 and T4 had lower economical efficiency values. Also, calves received T2 recorded the lowest feed cost / kg WG values and achieved the highest (best) economic efficiency values followed by T5.
6- Results obtained showed that ruminal pH values tended to decrease insignificantly ruminal pH gradually as period progress for all treatments. The maximum pH values (P<0.05) throughout all the different periods of the feeding trial were shown at 0 hrs of feeding, whereas the lowest values (P<0.05) were stated at 3 hrs post feeding and increase (P<0.05) after that at 6 hrs post feeding. There were no significant differences between treatments at the start of the experiment. After 2 months, T2, T3 and T5 recorded significantly (P<0.05) lower ruminal pH values as compared with Ti and T4. After 4 months, T2, T3 and T5 groups showed also significantly (P<0.05) lower ruminal pH as compared with T1. While, T4 showed an intermediate value without significant different between other treatments. After 6 months, all supplemented groups with either Bospro and Gustor XXI had lower ruminal pH values than the control group, but the differences were not significant among all treatments. The overall means indicated that the same trend observed after 4 months, as T2, T3 and T5 recorded significantly (P<0.05) lower ruminal pH values as compared with Ti. Whereas, T4 showed an intermediate value without significant differences between treatments. The ruminal pH values ranged form 5.92 to 6.93. The present data showed that the interaction between treatment x time was not significant, while period x time was significant (P<0.05) effects on ruminal pH of calves.
7- Data indicated a gradual decrease in ruminal NH3-N values as period progress, up to after 4 months. After 6 months ruminal NH3-N values increased. The differences in pooled NH3-N values were only significant between values at the start of the experiment and those after 4 months. Results obtained showed that the NH3-N concentration was minimum before feeding, and increased after feeding, it reached the peak at 3 hrs post feeding then decreased at 6 hrs post feeding throughout all the feeding trial periods. At the start of the experiment there were no significant differences between treatments. After 2 months, the rations contained the low and high levels of Gustor XXI (T4 and T5) recorded the lowest (P<0.05) NH3-N concentrations, while, those contained the low and
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high levels of Bospro (T, and T3) achieved the highest ones. The same pattern observed with NH3-N concentrations after 2 months, but the differences between all treatments were not significant either after 4 or 6 months. The overall means showed that, T4 and T5 along with T1 recorded the lowest NH3-N concentrations, whereas T, and T3 showed the highest ones. The differences in NH3-N concentrations between T3 and each of T1, T4 and T5 were significant (P<0.05), whereas those between T, and T3 were not significant. Ruminal NH3- N concentrations ranged form 13.77 to 19.00 mg/100m1 at different times. The present data showed that the interaction between treatment x time and period x time were not significant effects on ruminal NH3-N of calves.