الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 129 |  |  |
| | | from | 129 | | |
Abstract
This research was carried out at the Experimental station of Faculty
of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha Branch. Zagazig University in two
su.ccessive seasons (1991 / 1992 and, 1992/ 1993) on broad beans (cv . .
Giza 402).
Two seperate experiments were considered :
1~.a gamma ray experiment with doses of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and
10000 rad and the control (0 rad).
2-. a pac1obutrazol (a growth regulator) experiment with concentrations
of 0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm.
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect off gamma
irradiation or the growth regulator (pac1obutrazol) on germination
percentage and rate”, some morphological characters, chloroplast
pigments, flowering, fertility of pollen grains (included also pollen
germination), anatomical f~ yield and yield ex ill&lDelU and
chemical conteIIIs-51”’5(1-=’ £••••••• w.>, 9 Dacids. vicine
.and protein COl. U, Iksiltes, the ~. «N. p. It WIele nC’ $ Fat
1111: SIllIly je IreW :
at blbwlllDj ¥ill ’.’ q •• ~ SUt- •.,’ •••• f ._ •• -for
.j. 1•••••••• ·•••• [H .~.J 1~.PACcl ; I.ions.
t .
b-t.e’ L,.(II Fe. -.-.·••;_1 in a’•· II. a:tas,
,~
~’£ , rJ’s .7 •• \2 r••• Id. f 7_-~ fl· ’.11dIS of
teem -111(., ••••••:.•,•..•..·~’]idtJI2gIl , •••••• ;aI
’1::omems or’seecrs (sugars, anirito adds, vlclne and protein contents and
NPK).
99
c- field experiments covered seedling emergences~ some morphological
characters. chloroplast pigments, yield and yield components and the
:chemical contents of seeds (sugars, protein and NPK).
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
1- Gamma ray doses and pac1obutrazol concentrations differently
affected the percentage and rate of gennination of the bread bean
seeds of cv. Giza 402.
2- The high gamma ray doses (i.e. 5000 & 10000 rad) decreased the
gennination percentage. While, the lower doses (i.e. 500, 1000 and
2000 rad) did not show any effect in this respect. For germination
rate, the dose of 1000 Tad had a stimulating effect. It hestened
germination and hence its rate was increased. While, the higher doses
(5000 & 10000 rad) led to reduction of this rate.
3- The growth regulator (pac1obutrazol) of the cone. of 10 ppm. did not
show any effect on the germination percentage while the cone. of 50
and 100 ppm. caused reduction of this percentage. The germination
rate decreased with 10 and 50 ppm. but not affected with the cone. of
100 ppm.
4- The low doses of gamma ray espcciaDy the dose of 1000 rad
increased the percentage and nile of sccdting emcryemce in the field.
While, reduction existed wiIh die application of ••••. doses (5000 &
10000 rad).
5- The low doses ~ i ,••• r Ai1M’ ell’ emny 1000 ••• led to 1be
inaasc: or 1hI:iuapmw: tI die difftI.· ••••,••••• ;” dwadaS·
under study (plant height, number of internodes, number of branches,
100
number of leaves, leaf area and number of legumes) in both field and
.-
greenhouse. However, these morphological characters were
negatively affected by the higher doses (5000 & 10000 rad).
6- Many morphological characters were affected by PAC concentrations.
The observed reduction was directly proportional to the cone.
Characters of these were plant height, number of internodes, number
of leaves and leaf area). On contrary, some characters was positively
affected such as number of branches, number of flowers and legumes.
These characters increased with the increase of the concentration.
7_ In the field, gamma radiation decreased total chlorophyll (a & b) and
carotenoides in the leaves of 45 days plants. This reduction was
inversely proportional to gamma ray doses. However sixty days after
sowing these chloroplast pigments overcame those of the control.
8~-, In the greenhouse, plants aged 45 or 60 days the gamma radiation
caused reduction of the total chlorophyll (a & b) and increased the
carotenoides content especially with the dose of 1000 rad.
9- The different paclobutrazOl c:oncentratioos showed clear increase in
total chlorophyll (a & b) and C8I’QtCAOides in the 1eaYcs especially
with 50 ppm.
10- In greenhouse low doses ~ geana ray .(ie. 500” 1000 -’ 2000 rad)
led to early fIowuiDg •••• irlcrc:ase in 1he •• ba’ ,. flowers, But
with the higher doses (SOOO~1.-.-1) n:w:nc KS Irscxiskd
r 1- The grmvth reguJstor (pAC) delayed the t1oweriog dale but incmIsed
the number of flowers especially with the concentration of 100 ppm.
------- ------ --------------
tot
12- The application of low doses of gamma rays (i.e. 500, 1000, 2000 rad)
increased the fertility and germination of the pollen grains and
increased the length of the pollen tubes.
13- Pac1obutrazol concentrations led to the increase of pollen fertility and
pollen germination and also the length of the pollen tubes.
14- The anatomy of the stem and leaf was affected by either gamma ray
doses orpaclobutrazol concentrations.
The main effects on the stem could be summarized as follows :
_ The different gamma ray doses caused increase in the thickness of
the cortex (collenchyma and . parenchyma), the length of the
cortical bundle, thickness of fiberous region and phloem.
_ all gamma ray doses increased the stem thickness except the dose
of 10000 rad. Also the width of the cortical bundle was
increased with the doses of 500, 2000 and 5000 rad.
_ the total number of both pith layers and the small vascular bundles
was reduced than the control with all assigned gamma ray doses
except that of 1000 tad.
_ the number of the large b1.8Hes and the thickness of the epidermis
were increased with the •• pIieaf-- of sc.M: ••••• ray doses
(500, 2000, 5000 rad).
_ the leogt1t of the corticIl ~.lwyJDa ceDs ..- iucrc.sed with all
gamna ray doses aP-;pI the dose of SOOAd. ManwbiIe, the
conIrol •• euchym”JS GIlls wrse detail:lSed in 1aetb with all
gaMna ray doses .• ..-,._11 ••••• pillapawndtyma
was not iD&:rcaSed0.””die•• _SID’”
.” _ ,.. wMJIIaIIJI eM«. Ii • led 1ID•• iata F ”I: ef •••• di ••e:r~
hollow pith, thickness of the epidermins and cortex, number and
-------~~-
102
thickness of pith layers, number of total vascular bundles,
number of wood vessels in the cortical bundle and thickness of
coltenchyma layers in the cortex. However, the concentration of
100 ppm. increased number of coltenchyma layers and their
thickness at the comers of the stem.
_ the PAC concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. positively affected
the different anatomical characters (length of cortical bundles,
thickness of fiberous layer and phloem in this bundle, thickness
and number of parenchymatous layers of the cortex.
the 50 ppm concentration of PAC led to the increase of the
cortical collenchyma and parenchyma cells .of the stem. The
same was with the length of the pith parenchyma.
15. The effect of gamma radiation and pac1obutrazol on leaf anatomy
could be summarized as follows :
_ the low doses of gamma rays especially. 500 and 1000 rad
increased in the thickness of the midrib .(of the leaflet) and blade,
thickness of the epidermal cells (upper and lower epid.),
thickness of palisade and spongy tissues and number of the
spongy layers.
_ the width of the vast3ar pm(main v. bundle) of the midrib was
~. increased by the appitllli- ,. tile cIases mSOD,1000 and SOOO
rad but its lengthwas b2c.cd willi the ••. - SOOrad.
_ all the assitflcd.etoscsof• - JaYS(500, 1000, 21000, SOOOand
10000 rail) .incnaslMl die pIIk- IRa «die •••• ib audthe
9JOOd •• 1bic:JcA”~ __ ilK MIlT td by .» -ray doses
exapt tile dase.1010 •••.
_ •••• l~ 1•• tII •• ”,Il•••• .., •••• nn .IJytlle PAC
concentrations. ’11!e e<JiiCi&’* ••••• 100 ppm. incIused die
midrib and blade thickness, thickness of the lower epidermis,
103 . -
length of the main v. bundle, thickness of phloem area and
number of wood vessels. The concentration of 50 ppm caused
increases in the thickness of the upper epidermal cells. All PAC
concentrations (10, 50, 100 ppm.) increased the thickness of the
vascular part of the midrib.
16- The dry weight was increased in plants of 60 days with all the
assigned gamma ray doses except with the dose of 10000 Tad.
17_ The PAC gave the same results as previously mentioned with gamma
ray doses with respect to the dry weight.
18- Gamma rays increased the yield and the yield components with the
application of the low doses (500 _1000 and 2000 rad). However the
t. higher doses (5000 & 10000 rad) negatively affected yield and yield
components. This was the case with both green house and field.
19- With paclobutrazol the increase of yield and yield components was
directly proportional to the applied concentration.
20 _Gamma radiation caused increase of the total sugars (reduced and non
reduced) in the seeds. This iItcrc:Me was diredIy pmportiooal to
gamma ray dose. The highest CGIRDl CJListedwith die closem 1000
00. This was the same in boda gPaIbouse or field.
21- PAC coucentrations also iacR.Kd the total S’WMScspeciaDy the
concambon r4 SOppm.
--
amino acids and ammonia in the seeds. Some amino acids were
-- ----_.- ---- ---- _.~ -_.-----------------
-\
104
.increased more than the control with the dose of 1000 rad. These are
threonine, alanine, isoleucine and tyrosine. Besides, arginine was
increased with both 500 and 1000 rad.
23- PAC of 10 ppm. generally increased the seed contents of amino acids
(threonine, proline, alanine, half cystine, valine, methionine and
arginine). However, the cone, of 50 ppm incrased all amino acids
except proline and also the ammonia was increased.
24- Gamma radiation and PAC as well had the same effect on the vicine
content in the seeds as they caused its reduction.
25- NPK and protein contents in seeds generally were increased with
gamma ray doses. However, the concentrations of PAC gave different
effects. The cone. of 100, ppm. increased N and protein contents. The
phosphorus was increased with the increase of PAC cone, and the
content ofK was.inversely proportional to PAC concentration.