الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural
Research and Experiment Center of the Faculty of Agriculture ,
Moshtohor, Kalubia Gevernorate Zagazig University Egypt during
1999 /2000 and 2000 / 2001 scason«, Tile objective or this study was
to investigate the response of orne wheat cultivar to different seeding
rates and nitrogen levels in regard to growth , yield and yield
components of wheat.
Each experiment included 27 treatments which were the
combination of three wheat cullivars ( Sakha 69 , Sids 1 and Gemmeiza
7 ), three seeding rates (45 , 60 and 75 kg seeds / feddan ) and three
level of nitrogen fertilizer (50 , 75 and 100 kg / feddan). These
treatments were arranged in split - split plot design with four
replications. The three wheat cultivars were randomly distributed in the
main plot, whereas three sec ling rates arranged at random in the sub
plots and’ three N lev I were assigned at random in the sub-sub plot.
Each sub - sub plot area \ a. 10.5 111~ (3. - 111 long and 3 Il1 wide).
Wheat seeds were drilled in rows at 20 CI11 on 2ih and 251h ovcmbcr
in the first and second seasons, respectively. The normal cultural
practices of growing wheat in the region were followed.
Characters studies :-
A- Growth characters>
1. Plant height (cm).
2. Flug leaf area (<.:111\
3. Peduncle length (cm).
4. Fresh and dry wcight or leaves / plant (g).
5. Fresh and dry weight or tern / plant (g).
6. Fresh and dry weight of’ spike / plant (g).
- ---- --- --- S( IMM.-( N r
B- Yield and yield components»
1. umber of tillers / ro2
.
2. Number of spikes / m2.
3. Spike length (em).
4. Weight of spike (g).
5. Weight 0[’ grains / spike (g).
6. Number of spikelets / spike.
7. Number of grain / spike.
8. 1000 grain weigh: (g).
9. Straw yield (kg / fcddan).
10. grain yield (kg / feddan) .
.The main results could be summarized as follows:-
A- Varietal differen es:-
I. Plant height and p duncle length were significantly affected by
wheat cultivars in one season only, the tallest cultivar was Sids 1
and the shortest cultivar was Gemmeiza 7 , whereas, Sids 1 cultivar
had the shortest values of peduncle length as compared the other
wheat cultivats.
2. Sids 1 cultivar surpassed significantly the other studied cultivars
in flag leaf area in the first season. While, Gemmeiza 7 recorded
higher values or nag leaf area than Sids 1 and Sakha 69 cultivars in
the second season.
3. The three evaluated wheat cultivars varied significantly in fresh
and dry weight of the different plant organs in the two growing
seasons. Gemmeiza 7’ cultivar surpassed significantly Sids 1 and
Sakha 69 cultivars in fresh and dry weight of stem , leaves and
spike per plant. Whereas, Sakha 69 cultivar gave the lowest values.
o significant difference was found between Sakha 69 and Sids 1
cultivars in fresh and dry weight of spike / plant in both seasons,
2. Increasing seeding’ rate from 45 to 60 and 75 kg seeds / feddan
significantly decreased nag leal area by 3.21 and 7.55 %,
respectively in the first season. Whereas no significant difference
was found among the three rates or seeding in flag lear area in the
second senSUI1.
3. Seeding rates significantly influenced fresh and dry weight of the
di ffcrcnt plant organs in hoth seasons excepl fresh and dry weight
of leaves / plant ill the second season. In geIH.:ral, Ire h and dry
weight or plant organs were decreased by increasing seeding rate
from 45 to 75 kg; seeds / fcddnn.
4. Increasing seeding rates from 115 10 75 kg seeds / lcddan caused
insignificant increase in number or tillers / 111
2 in both seasons.
5. Number of spikes / m2 was significantly increased by increasing
seeding rates lip to 7 - l\jr ’,,(·d’. / ft’ddal1 ill Ill’ ,;(’ ’Olle! C;C.l<;O”
Whereas. 110 s;gllil’’’,;;lIll dirk, ’II~’~’ Wi\:- r~IlIIld Ill’I\\Cl’11 Ill’ three
rates or seeding in number or spik ’S / 1112 ill the first SCilSlH1.
6. Spike length and weight of grains / spike were significantly
decreased by increasing ceding rate up to 75 kg seeds / feddan in
the second season only.
7. Number of spikelets / spike and number of grains / spike were
not significantly affected by seeding rates in the two growing
seasons.
8. The effect of seeding rate on the mean values of spike weight
was sign ificant in bot h sellSOils. III the f rst sea on, increasing
seeding ruic Irnm ·1” III (10 .uul r: kl’. :;t’(’(1o; / li’dd;lll x il’.llilicillllly
reduced spike weight hy ().ll and In. 11 C%. respect ively. Whereas,
no signillclllli ditfcrcn ’C wn: 1”111111I h~I\\’C ’1\ d5 anrl (10 kg seeds /
feddau in spike weight. Also, ill till’ second SC,lSUII, raisin t till’ raIl’S
of seeding significantly decreased spike weight by 4.35 and 8.91 %
, respectively,
SUMM4RY
fresh and dry weight of” stem und leaves pCI’ plant in the second
season.
4. Sakha 69 cultivar had the highest IIUJI1Uer or tillers and spikes /
III
2
. While, the lowest values were produced by Gernrneiza 7
cult ivar.
5. Spike haracters of Gemmeiza 7 cultivar significantly increased
as compared with Sids I and Sakha 69 cultivars in both seasons. On
the other hand, Snkha ()C) culti ,11’ was significClntlyinferior to all
other cultivars under study in spike chnructcrs.
(,. (lcllllllCi’l.;1 7 .ultivnr slIrpas”cd significantly the other studied
cultivars in 1000 - grain weight. On the other hand, no significant
difference was found between akha 69 and Sids 1 cultivars in
1000 - grain weight in the Iwo j.!,mwing seasons, whereas the lowest
value was recorded by Sids I cuhivar.
7. No significant differences were luuru] in straw yield per Icddan
among the tested wheat cultivars in both seasons. Sakha 69 cultivar
gave the maximum values of straw yield / feddan. Whereas, the
minimum straw yield was of Gcmmeiza 7 cultivar in the first and
second seasons.
8. The differences among the three cultivars in the mean values of
grain yield / feddan were significant in the first season only. In 1999
/ 2000 season, Gemrneiza 7 outyielded Sakha 69 and Sids 1
cultivars by 6.92 and 8.57 % , respectively. Also, Gemmeiza 7
cultivar outyielded Sakha 69 and Sids I cultivars by 5.04 and 5.01
%, respectively, without significant difference.
B- Effect of seeding rates:-
] . Plant height and peduncle length were not significantly affected
by seeding rates in both seasons. The tallest plants and peduncle
length were produced from sowing at 75 kg seeds / feddan.
SUMMARY
increased number of spikes I nl by 9.73 and 9.25 % in the first and
second seasons respectively.
5. Nitrogen levels bad a significant effect 011 spike characters i.e.
spike length, number of spikclets I spike, spike weight. weight of
grain I spike and numhcr or grains I spike ill 11)1)1) I 2000 and 2000 I
2001 seasons. Whereas no significant differences were found
between adding 75 and 100 kg N I feddan in spike length, number
of spikelets I spike spike wight and number of grains I spike in the
second season and weight or grain I pike in both seasons.
6. The increase in N level si mi ficantly increased 1000 - grain
weight in one season only.
7. Straw yield and grain yield per fed dan were significantly and
consistently increased by increasing N level from 50 to 100 kg N
feddan in the two growing seasons. The in rease in N level from 50
to 100 kg N feddan significantly increased grain yield I feddan by
9.14 and 9.25 % in the first and second seasons respectively.
D- Interaction effects:-
All the interactions between cultivars and seeding rates, cultivars
and N level, seeding rates and N levels as well as between the
three factors of study all grov th attributes, yield and yield
components of wheat did not reach the 5 % level of significance.
SUMMARY
9. Weight of 1000 grains was significantly decreased by increasing
seeding rate from 45 to 75 kg seeds / fcddan in the two growing
seasons.
10. Increasing seeding rat from 45 to 60 and 75 kg seeds / feddan
significantly increased straw. icld by 1./1 and 6.4 %, respectively in
the first season. Whereas in tile second season, increasing the same
rate of seeding increased straw yield! feddan by 3.5 and 7.1 %,
respecti vely.
11. Grain yield! fcddan significantly increased by 2.65 and 5.77 %
in the second season due to incr asing seeding rate from 45 to 60
and 75 kg seeds / feddan , respectively. Whereas, in the first season
, raising the same rates of seeding insignificantly increased grain
yield! feddau by 4.50 and 7.76 %, respectively.
C- Effect of N levels:- 1. Plant height, fresh and dry weight of stem, leave”’s and spike /
plant were highly significantly increased by increasing ’N level up to
100 kg N ! feddan in the two growin~ seasons, Whereas, no
significant difference was found between adding 75 and 100 kg N !
feddan in fresh and dry weight of leaves and spike / plant in the
second season.
2. Nitrogen application had no significant effect on peduncle length
in both seasons,
3. The application of 75 and 100 kg N / feddan significantly
increased flag leaf area by 5,15 and 7. I 8 % over adding 50 kg N /
feddan , respectively in the first season. Whereas, raising N level
from 50 to 75 and 100 kg N / feddan insignificantly increased flag
leaf area by 2.55 and 4.20 %, respectively in the second season.
4. umber of tillers and spik s / m2 were significantly increased by
increasing N level up to 100 kg / feddan in both seasons, The
increase in N level from SO to 100 kg N / fed dan significantly
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I,ITERA TV RE CITE/)
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