الفهرس 
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Abstract
108.
5- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The present study was carried out at EL -Gemmiza Experimental
Station of Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural
.Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture.
The study included feeding, metabolism trials to determine the
digestibility and feeding values of six tested rations, three of
them included untreated rice straw and the others included rice
straw treated with 3% anhydrous ammonia. Thirty six crossbred
(Suffolk X Ossimi) ewes were selected randomly with age of 2 3
years and average weight of 40 - 55 Kg. Animals were randomly
divided into 6 groups of animals each. the first group (let) was
fed untreated rice straw + hay + barley. 2 nd group was fed
untreated rice straw +barley + co -op mixture. 3 t~ group
untreated rice straw +barley +poultry litter. 4 th group treated
rice straw + hay + barley. 5 th group treated rice straw + barley
+co op mixture and 6 th group treated rice straw +barley +
poultry litter. These six rations were fed to ewes during early,
late pregnancy and lactation stages. The percentages of ingredients
in each ratIon differed according to the requirements
of each stage. Feed intake. rumenal characteristics. body weight
of ewes, some blood contents some milk contents. and some wool
characteristics. of ewes during early and late pregnancy and lactation
stages were studied. In addition to that the study included
weekly change in lamb’s body weights during eleven weeks.
Tne most important results obtained could be summarized as
follows: -
1. The inclusion of ammonia treated
rations increased obviously CP and ash
decreased NFE contents and slightly increased
compared to rations with untreated roughage.
rice straw in mixed
contents. while it
CF contents. when
2. Ammonia treatment significantly increased the digestibility
of all nutrients in the experimental rations except EE digestibility
and the effect was obvious in CF digestibility in rations
including poultry litter. The digestion coefficients of DM. OM. CF
and EE of the experimental rations fed in early. late pregnancy
and lactation stages were nearly the same. At pregnancy stages CP
digestibility values were significantly higher than those at lactation
stage. A reverse trend was observed with respect to NFE
digestibility.
3. In early and late pregnancy stages. the average of TDN and
SV values were nearly the same. while average values at lactation
stage were significantly higher than the values at both pregnancy
stages. The differences between values of TDN and SV of the experimental
rations due to treatment and ration effects. were non
-significant. Rations containing pOUltry litter (R3 and R6) had
lower TDN and SV values than the other rations.
The differences between values of DCP. due to stage. treatment
and ration effects. were significant (P<O.05 and P<O.OOl). In
109•
.te pregnancy and lactation stages. the averages of DCP values
,re higher than the values at early pregnancy.
4. Treating rice straw by ,3% NH3 significantly increased the
and proved positive nitrogen balance. The amount of NR for ewes
early pregnancy were significantly lower than those at late
-egnancy stage. Corresponding values at lactation stage signifilntly
exceeded those at late pregnancy stage. Ewe during early
-egnancy stage lost. relatively to NI. higher amounts of nitrogen
.a urine than ewes during late pregnancy and lactation stages.
les fed rations including untreated rice straw lost relatively
19her amount of nitrogen via feces and lower amounts via urine
”lan those fed rations including ammoniated rice straw. Ewes lost
Lgher amounts via urine and retained apparently more nitrogn by
~edng ammonia treated rice straw.
5. AT early pregnancy stage. the values of OMI. CPl. CFI and
~I were significantly lower than values at late pregnancy and the
)rresponding values at lactation stage significantly exceeded
10se at late pregnancy while NFEI values showed the opposite
;end at early pregnancy stage. Ammoniation of rice straw signifilntly
increased OM. OM. CF and EE intake when compared with
1treated rice straw.
The highest average values of DMI. CFI and EEl values were
ecorded with R4 followed by R5 in descending order. while the
ighest values of CP were recorded with R6.
6. The differences in ewe body weights due to ewe state (pregant
or lactated). variations among periods within pregnancy stage
nd rations (ammoniated or untreated) effects were almost highly
ignificant. While differences due to treatment and variations
mong periods within lactation stage. were non - significant. The
ifferences among weekly body weight gain of lambs from birth to
he eleventh week of age. were highly significant. while the diferences
due to treatment. ration and the interaction between
eriod and treatment. were non - significant.
7. Results of the rumen liquor characteristics showed variable
rends at the different times of sampling with different treatment
s follows: -
7.1. Ewes fed rations including ammoniated rice straw showed
ignificantly (p<O.OOl) higher average pH values. TVFA’S and NH3
N concentrations than ewes fed rations including untreated rice
traw .
7.2. Regarding the effect of sampling time on ruminal pH
.~lue.it was found that the average value decreased gradually from
he time zero hrs to 4 hrs after feeding then it increased again
.t 6 hrs after feeding. While. NH3 - N concentration was at its
linimum level at the time zero and increased to its maximum
evel at 2 hrs after feeding. Total VFA’S concentration in the
rumen reached the maximum at 6 hrs after feeding and the minimum
at 4 hrs after feeding.
7.3. Poultry litter supplementation in rations increased
TVFA’S and NH3 -N and concentrations.
8. Results of blood analysis could be summarized as follows:-
8.1. The differences in levels of each of GOT and GPT, due
to ewe pregnancy stage and ammonia treatment of rice straw , were
non -significant. With respect to the effect of the six rations,
the differences among GOT values in blood of ewes fed the rations
including untreated rice straw, were non - significant but higl11y
significant with GPT% values, while the differences among the
rations inclUding ammoniated rice straw showed a reverse trend in
significance.
8.2.a. The average of TP. AL and AL/GL ratio conter’ts
increased e lmost gradually from the first month ti 11 the end of
pregnancy stage. while Chal. showed a reverse trend as the averages
slightly decreased with advance in months of pregnancy. Ca,
P and Giu contents were lower in the first month than in the following
months of pregnancy. The differences among averages of TP.
AL, AL/GL, and Glu due to variations in months of pregnancy were
significant (P<O.OOl and P<0.05). while differences in averages of
Chol, Ca and P were non -significant.
8.2.b. TIle differences between averages of each of AL,
AL/GL ratio. Chol, Ca and P due to ammonia treatment effect, were
almost highly significant. while those between averages of each of
TP and Glu were non - significant.
8.2.c. The differences among the averages of each of TP and
AL in blood of ewes fed the six different rations (the first three
including rice straw untreated (A) +the other three rations
including rice straw ammoniated (B). were highly significant,
while with respect to Chol and P content the significance was only
among (A) rations and among (B) rations for Ca and AL/GL ratio.
The differences among the averages of GLU were non - significant.
9 - Milk yield of ewes reached the peak at the second, third
and fourth weeks of lactation, then declined gradually till the
end of the lactation period and the differences among milk yield
estimates due to weekly production and treatment effects were significant
(P<O.OOl and p<0.05),while those due to ration effect,
were non - significant. The differences in milk F%, due to weekly
production. treatment and ration effects were highly significant
(P(O.OOl). The differences among TS%, due to weekly production and
.ration effects were highly significant (P<O.OOl). while those due
to treatment effect, were non -significant.
10 - Pregnant ewes fed rations including ammoniated rice straw
showed significantly (P<O.OOl) higher fleece weights (FW)
than the pregnant ewes fed rations including untreated rice straw,
while the differences between the averages of each of fibre diameter
(FD) and fibre length (FL) were non significant. The differ111.
ences among the average values of fW, FD and FL of pregnant ewes,
due to the effect of the three rations including untreated rice
straw were non - significant, while the differences among values
due to the effect of the other three rations including ammoniated
rice straw, were highly significant.