الفهرس 
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Abstract
Field experiments were carried out at Sids Agricultural
Research Station, Agric. Res. Cen., Bani- SuefGovemorate, during
the three successive seasons 1995/96, 1996/97 and 1997/98 .
The experiments aimed to investigate the performance of 6 new
long spike wheat varieties under different Nlevels. The experiments
were executed in clay fertile soils.
The evaluated varieties were: Sids 1 (a commercial cultivar
grown as a check variety ), and the long spike varieties: Sids 4, Sids
5, Sids 6, Sids 7, Sids 8, and Sids 9. The nitrogen levels were: 0, 30,
60, 90, 120 and 150 kg! fad. TheNcarrier was ammonium nitrate
(33.5 % N).
A split plot design with four replications was used. N levels
were distributed randomly in the main plots and varieties occupied
the sub plots. The sub plot area was 8.4 / m2 • Phosphorus fertilizer
was applied as calcium superphosphate (15.5 P205) at a rate of 150
kg! fad. Potassium sulphate (48 % K20) was also applied at 50 kg!
fad.
Sowing date was 26 th, 20 th and 17 th of November in the first,
second and third season, respectively. Harvesting was followed on
8 th, 4 til and 5 th of May, respectively. The normal cultural practices as
recommended for the region were followed.
The results of the combined analysis of the three seasons
average could be summarized as follows:
1- Varieties markedly varied in heading date. The commercial
cultivar Sids 1 was the latest variety with a flowering date of
103.78 days from sowing.” Sids 4 was the earliest in
flowering (83.36 days) and the rest long spike varieties
reached heading after 92.22 - 95.44 days.
The increase in N level delayed heading date with significant
differences. The untreated plants flowered after 92.02 days
and those supplied with 150 kg N/ fad reached heading after
96.01 days.
The interaction between varieties and N levels on heading
date was significant. The earliest heading was reached by
untreated plants of Sids 4, being 80.83 days and the latest
heading date was 107.08 days recorded by Sids 1 supplied with
150 kg N / fad.
2- Varieties significantly varied in maturity date. The earliest
variety was Sids 4 (140.92 days) and the latest one was Sids
1 (149.54 days). The other long spike varieties matured
after 145.28 - 146.50 days.
The increase in N level significantly delayed maturity. The
check plants matured after 140.12 days and those supplied with
150 kg N/ fad matured after 150.98 days.
A significant variety x N level interaction was detected on
maturity date. The earliest maturity was reached after 133.42
days with untreated Sids 4 plants and the latest was attained
after 154.00 days with Sids 1 plants supplied with 150kg N/
fad.
3- Plant height significantly varied among the tested varieties.
Sids 1 plants were the tallest (I 17.92 em) and Sids 9 plants
were the shortest plants (98.26 em). The rest varieties were
inbetween with significant differences .
The increase inNlevel significantly increased plant height.
The tallest plants were those supplied with 120 kg N/ fad
(109.11 em) and the shortest were the untreated plants (87.80
em).
The interaction between variety and N level significantly
affected plant height. The tallest plants were those of Sids 1
supplied with 120 kg N/ fad (124.58 em), and the shortest ones
were those of untreated Sids 8 (82.50 em).
4- The tested varieties significantly varied in number of
spikelets/ spike. Sids 5 had the greatest spikelets number
(23.40) and Sids 4 the lowest number (20.69).
N application significantly increased number of spikelets/
spike. A significant increase of 6.25 % in this trait was induced
by increasing N level from zero to 150 kg N/ fad.
No significant interaction effect was detected between variety
and N level on number of spikeletsl spike.
5- Varieties showed significant differences in number of
spikes! m2
• Sids 1produced the greatest number of spikes
(291.39) and Sids 5 produced the lowest number (256.06),
the other varieties were in-between.
The increase in N level significantly increased number of
spikes/m/, Raising N level from zero to 120 kg N Ifad
significantly increased spikes I m2 , combined over the three
seasons, by 20.92 %
A significant interaction effect between variety and N level
was detected on spikes I m2
• The maximum number of spikes I
m
2
was 312.92 which was recorded by Sids 1 supplied with
120 kg N/ fad and the lowest spikes! m2 was produced by
untreated Sids 6 plants, being 219.17 spikes! 1m2•
6- Significant differences were detected among the tested
varieties in spike length. All the long spike varieties
significantly surpassed the commercial cultivar Sids 1 which
recorded 11.93 em as the shortest length compared with
14.55 em for Sids 6 as the longest spikes. Spike length of
the other varieties ranged between 13.88 and 14.49 em.
The increase in N level significantly increased spike length.
Applying 150 kg N/ fad increased spike length by 10.93 %
compared with the untreated plants.
The interaction between variety and N level significantly
affected spike length. The tallest spikes were those of Sids 4
supplied with 150 kg N/ fad recording an average of 15.72 em,
and the minimum length was 11.34 em of untreated Sids 1
plants.
7- The tested varieties significantly varied in number of grains!
spike. The highest number was 78.41 grains recorded with
Sids 5 and the lowest number was 65.47 of the commercial
variety Sids 1.
Increasing N level significantly increased grains/ spike.
Raising N level from zero to 60 kg N/ fad increased grains/
spike by 9.06 %.
The interaction between variety and N level had no
significant effect on grains/ spike.
8- The evaluated varieties significantly varied in 1000- kernel
weight. The highest grain index was 60.67 g, which was
recorded with Sids 4 and the lowest grain index was 51.78 g, of
Sids 1. The other five long spike varieties recorded 1000-
kernel weight between 55.13 and 59.32 g with significant
differences.
The increase in N level had no significant effect on grain
index. Also, no significant interaction was detected between
variety and N level on this trait.
9- The varieties significantly differed in biological yield. The
commercial cultivar Sids 1 was at the top with a yield of 8.520
t/ fad, and Sids 7 recorded the lowest biological yield, being
7.36 t/ fad. The other varieties yielded between 8.135 (Sids 5)
and 7.401 t/ fad (Sids 4) with some significant differences.
The increase in N level significantly increased biological
yield. Raising N level from zero to 150 kg! fad increased
biological yield by 101.75%.
Variety x nitrogen level significantly affected biological
yield. The highest biological yield was recorded with Sids 6
supplied with 90 kg N/ fad, being 10.298 t/ fad., and the lowest
yield was 3.460 t/ fad which was obtained by unfertilized Sids 7
plants.
10- The tested varieties significantly differed in their grain yield
potentiality. The combined analysis of the three seasons
average showed that three varieties were the highest yielders,
i.e., Sids 9 (17.33 ardab/ fad), Sids 5 (17.21 ardab/ fad) and Sids
1 (17.00 ardab/ fad), without significant differences among
them.
These 3 varieties were followed by Sids 8 (16.57 ardab/ fad),
Sids 6 (15.77 ardab/ fad), and Sids 7 (15.47 ardab/ fad).
The lowest grain yield was obtained by Sids 4 (12.62 ardab/
fad) which was significantly inferior compared with the other 6
varieties.
The results indicated the good yield potentiality of the
commercial cultivar Sids I where it was statistically similar
with Sids 5 and Sids 9 and better than Sids 4, Sids 6 and Sids 7.
Also, this commercial cultivar has lower N requirements and
higher straw yield.
The application of N significantly increased grain yield.
Applying N at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N/ fad increased
grain yield over the control by 55.67, 74.21, 84.80, 85.30 and
91.01 %, respectively. The increases in grain yield due to 120
and 150 kg N/ fad levels were not significant compared with 90
kgN.
The interaction between varieties and N levels significantly
affected grain yield. The highest yield was recorded with Sids 8
supplied with 150 kg N/ fad, being 20.03 ardab/ fad and the
lowest grain yield was 7.81 ardab/ fad of untreated Sids 4.
11- Straw yield! fad markedly varied among the evaluated varieties.
The highest straw yield was obtained by the commercial
cultivar Sids 1, being5.97 t/ fad which significantly surpassed
the long spike varieties .
Sids 7 produced the lowest straw yield, being 5.04 t/ fad., and
the other varieties were in-between with straw yield between
5.15 and 555 t/ fad.
The increase in N level significantly increased straw yield.
The maximum yield was obtained by applying 90 kg N/ fad
which was 2.2 times that of the check treatment.
Varieties x N levels significantly affected straw yield. The
maximum yield was 758 tJ fad which was obtained by Sids 7
supplied with 90 kg N/ fad. The minimum straw yield was 2.32
t/ fad which was produced by untreated Sids 7 plants.
12- The evaluated varieties showed significant differences in the N
% in grain. Sids 4 and Sids 8 were at the top with 1.82 % N in
grain and the commercial cultivar Sids 1 contained the lowest
N%, being 1.62 %. The other four varieties contained between
1.65 and 1.75 %N in grain and were in- between.
Neither N level nor variety x N interaction had significant
effect on N% in wheat grain as indicated in the combined
analysis of the three seasons average.
13- N uptake in grain markedly varied among the seven varieties.
Sids 4 recorded the lowest N uptake and Sids 8 showed the
highest N uptake. Varieties could be arranged in a descending
order in N uptake on the average of the 6 N levels as follows :
Sids 8 (45.01 kg), Sids 9 (43.18 kg), Sids 5 (42.40 kg), Sids 6
(41.46 kg), Sids 1 (41.03 kg), Sids 7 (40.02 kg), and Sids 4
(34.72 kg).
N uptake increased as the N level increased but this increase
was diminished with each increment in N rate. The increase in
N uptake was 58.96, 16.03,0.25, 1.45, and 9.00% when Nrate
was raised from 0 to 30, from 30 to 60, from 60 to 90, from 90
to 120 and from 120 to 150 kg Nt fad, respectively.
14- Nitrogen use efficiency varied among the different varieties.
Sids 7 (19.82 kg grain! kg N) and Sids 5 (19.38 kg grain! kg N)
were at the top on the average of the 5 N rates, whereas Sids 1
was the worst variety with a value of 9.28 kg grain! kg N.
The tested varieties recorded the following values ofN use
efficiency averaged over the 5 N rates and combined over the 3
seasons: Sids 7 (19.82), Sids 5 (19.38), Sirls 6 (18.60), Sids 8
(17.62), Sirls 9 (12.61), Sirls 4 (11.51) and Sirls 1 (9.28).
The increase in N level reduced markedly Nuse efficiency.
Applying N at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg! fad resulted in N use
efficiency of 26.95, 17.97, 13.68, 10.32 and 8.81 kg,
respectively.
15- Nitrogen recovery % markedly varied among the tested
varieties. Sids 7 recorded the highest value on the average of
the 5 application rates and Sids 1 showed the lowest recovery
%. Varieties could be arranged in the following descending
order in regard to apparent N recovery %:
Sids 7t Sids 8t·Sids 6t Sids 5, Sids 4, Sids 9 and Sids 1 with
values of: 41.97, 34.99, 32.41t 31.62, 23.39, 18.83 and
11.52%, respectively.
The increase in N level reduced N recovery .Applying N at
30t 60t 90, 120 and 150 kg N/ fad produced N recovery values
of: 47.60, 34.09, 22.85t 17.85, and 16.91, respectively.
The maximum recovery was 75.37 % produced by Sids 7 at 30
kg NI fad and the lowest recovery was 6.89 % recorded by
Sids 1 at 120 kg N/ fad.