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Abstract
The use of rice straw as a feedstock for many alternative uses has been considered, tested and discussed in the literature extensively. Many uses have been demonstrated on technological basis, economic viability. The primary method of disposal of rice straw has been by open burning which is the fastest, most effective and cheapest method of disposal, but it causes smoke pollution.
The petroleum sector in Egypt imports large amount of chemicals annually for utilization as mud and mud additives in both oil and water well drilling fluids.
The target of this study is to prepare a new local additives and surface active cellulosic products from cotton linter pulp and rice straw which cause an environmental problem when exposed to uncontrolled burning process. Preparation is based on the following:
1.preparation of hyDROPhilic cellulose gel (synthesized mud from rice straw ) using i) Autoclave ii)Mixer (mechanical method )
2 .Sulfation of rice straw
3 .Sulfation of cotton linter pulp
4 .Synthesis of organic base derivatives of cellulosic compounds ( sodium cellulose sulfate) drived from cotton linter pulp using:
i) Triethanolamine monooleate.
ii) Ditriethanolamine monooleate.
iii) Tri-Triethanolamine monooleate.
iv) Tetra-triethanolamine monooleate.
The molecular weight average of the previous compounds was measured by the viscometric method.
The evaluation measurements of the prepared compounds include:
1.Rheological properties of the mud:
It was found that most of the prepared additives and surfactants have high apparent, plastic viscosity and yield point than using imported sample (refrences sample).
The effect of temperature on the rheological properties of mud formulations containing the new compounds were also recorded. Gel strength and thixotropy of the mud and the effect of temperature were studied. Also, relationship between the shear rate and shear stress was measured.
2.filtration and filtration loss
It was found that most of the prepared compounds have filter loss equal to the reference sample,
from the above result it was found that the most mud formulations using the new synthesized compounds showed similarity in the results of all tests with the imported sample, in addition to the new low-solid mud which have a biodegradable property prevent many from the environmental problems caused by the drilling fluids.