الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 129 |  |  |
| | | from | 129 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This work was carried out to study the effect of
pre-planting ”gamma radiation and some micronutrients liMn
and Mo” on soybean ”cv. Clarkn and peanut ”cv• Giza-4”.
In this respect, two field experiments were conducted
under the condition of newly reclaimed soil, namely: sandy
clay loam, to study the effect of radiating soybean and
peanut seeds with gamma rays (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160
Gry) before sowing on plant growth, nodulation. yield and
yield components as well as total plant content of Nand
~n. In addition, four pot experiments wer.e carried out
under the greenhouse condition to study the application
effect of Mn (0, 5, 10, 15,and 20 ppm) and Mo (0; 2.5 ,
5.0, 7.5 and 10 ppm) on plant growth, nodulation and total
content of Nand Mn of both soybean and peanut plants.
The important results could be summarized as follows:
First study:
Effect of radiation on:
A- Soybean:
1- Irradiation of soybean seeds before planting with gamma
rays at relatively low doses ranged from 10 to 40 Gry
considerably stimulated plant growth causing a great
increase in the dry matter production. Maximum growth
of soybean plant was obtained by gamma rays at 20 Gry
- - __ ’0_- _ ”--_. ---- _._- -
- 116 -
where dry weight of the whole plant increased by
57-70% over the non-irradiated plants. Whereas, gamma
rays at 160 Gry adversely affected the plant growth.
2- Nodulation of soybean plant was highly improved due to
pre-planting ganuna radiation over the range from 5 up to
160 Gry, particulary the dose of ZO Gry.
3- Irradiating soybean seeds with gamma rays ranged from
5 to 40 Gry before planting, greatly encouraged N uptake
by plant and/or symbiotic Nz-fixation by root nodules
which resulted in increasing the total accumulation of
nitrogen in plant. The highest accumulation of N was
found in plants which were produced from irradiated seeds
with 20 Gry, whereas the dose of 160 Gry, generally reduced
it.
4- Total content of plant Mn showed, to a .great extent, the
same trend of the total content of plant N.
5- The yield of soybean greatly increased by exposing seeds
before planting to 10-40 Gry of gamma rays. The highest
productivity of soybean was obtained as a result of gamma
rays at 20 Gry. Dose of 160 Gry reduced the yield in
comparison with the control.
6- The total content of protein and oil in soybean seeds were
positively related to the yield production of beans.
7- The concentration of protein or oil in soybean seeds were
- -- - - ._. _. -- - .- -- --’---’--’ - ~ ...- --------~
~-t----
- 117 -
not affected by gamma rays ranged from 5 up to 160 Gry.
8- The seed index values of soybean gradually increased by
increasing gamma doses from 0 up to 160 Gry.
9- The yield of soybean tented to be positively related to
the rate of plant growth, nodulation and totaI nutrient
content.
B- Peanut
1- Plant growth of peanut was stimulated as a result of
pre-planting gamma radiation ranged from 10 to 40 Gry.
The highest dry matter production was obtained by gamma
;aysat 20 Gry, whereas the dose of 160 Gry depressed it
when compared with the non-irradiated plants.
2- Gamma rays ranged from 5 to 40 Gry resulted in a significant
increase in nodules number and the highest average
was obtained at 20 Gry. Significant increase in dry weight
of nodules was obtained by gamma rays at 10-40 Gry.
The dose of 160 Gry tended to be retard nodules number
and dry weight.
3- Absorption of N by peanut roots and/or symbiotic
N2-fixation by root nodules considerably increased as
a result of pre-planting gamma radiation at 5-40 Gry,
particularly at 20 Gry. Whereas, dose of 160 Gry reduced
them.
- 118 -
4- The total Mn uptake by peanut plants produced from
irradiated seeds with 5-80 Gry of gamma rays was higher
than that obtained from the control plants. The dose
of gamma rays at 160 Gry resulted in decreasing the
accumulatation capacity of Mn by peanut plants.
5- The yield of peanut seeds considerably increased by
pre-planting gamma radiation at 5-80 Gry, but it decreased
by the dose of 160 Gry. The maximum yield was
obtained from gamma rays at 20 Gry. It was clear that
the increase was 58-68% over the control.
6- The total amount of protein and oil in peanut seeds
were highly related to the yield of seeds.
7- The levels of protein and oil in peanut seeds were not
affected by gamma rays which are considered as radioresistant
character to gamma rays up to 160 Gry.
8- Seed index values of peanut tended to increase as the
gamma doses increased from 0 to 160 Gry.
9- A positive relationship between seed yield and peanut
and plant growth, nodulation and nutrients uptake could
be observed.
In general, soybean and peanut exhibited, to a great
extent, the same response to pre-planting gamma radiation as
far as plant growth, nodulation, nutritional status , yield
and yield components were concerned.
- 119 -
Second study:
Effect of manganese on:
(A) Soybean
1- The dry matter yield of soybean plant was considerably
stimulated by soil application of MnS04 at 5-15 ppm Mn
and the rate of 5 ppm gave the highest average. Manganese
at 20 ppm reduced the dry matter production of soybean
plant.
2- Supplying soybean plant with 5 or 10 ppm Mn resulted in
increasing the nodules number per plant, Mn at 15 ppm
had no significant effect, whereas 20 ppm of Mn caused a
decrease in nodules number. The dry weight of nodules
increased when received Mn at 5-15 ppm and was slightly
declined by 20 ppm Mn.
3- Application of MnS04 at rates of 5,10 and 15 ppm remarkably
resulted in increasing the total accumulation of N
in soybean plant derived either from soil or from fixed
N. Mn at 20 ppm caused a slight effect on plant N.
4- Total Mn content of soybean plant greatly increased by
supplying plants with Mn 504 over the range from 5 up to
20 ppm, but the greatest amount of accumulation Mn was
obtained in plants which were treated with 5 ppm Mn.
(B) Peanut
1- Soil application of MNS04, particularly at 10 ppm Mn to
- 120 -
peanut plant, greatly resulted in increasing the production
of dry matter yield indicating that Mn had a stimulative
effect on plant growth.
2- The nodules number of nodules dry weight exhibited a
considerable response to MnS04 in particular at 10 ppm
Mn. Moreover, the maximum increase in nodules number was
relatively higher than that of nodules dry weight.
3- The total content of N in peanut plant was markedly
increased by soil application of MnS04 indicating that Mn
stimulated N uptake by plant and/or symbiotic Nz-fixation
by root nodules.
4- The total uptake of Mn by peanut plant was greatly increased
when received MNS04 from 5 to 20 ppm Mn. However,
the rate of increase in Mn uptake was not proportional to
the applied Mn where the highest accumulation of it in
peanut plant was obtained at 10 ppm.
Third study:
Effect of molybdenum on:
(A) Soybean
1- The production of dry matter yield of soybean plant considerably
increased by soil application of Mo ranged from
2.5 to 10 ppm. The highest average was obtained at 7.5 ppm
Mo.
- ---- - --------------
- 120 -
peanut plant, greatly resulted in increasing the production
of dry matter yield indicating that Mn had a stimulative
effect on plant growth.
2- The nodules number of nodules dry weight exhibited a
considerable response to MnSo4 in particular at 10 ppm
Mn.Moreover, the maximum increase in nodules number was
relatively higher than that of nodules dry weight.
3- The total content of N in peanut plant was markedly
increased by soil application of MnS04 indicating that Mn
stimulated N uptake by plant and/or symbiotic N2-fixation
by root nodules.
4- The total uptake of Mn by peanut plant was greatly increased
when received MNS04 from 5 to 20 ppm Mn. However,
the rate of increase in Mn uptake was not proportional to
the applied Mn where the highest accumulation of it in
peanut plant was obtained at 10 ppm.
Third study:
Effect of molybdenum on:
(A) Soybean
1- The production of dry matter yield of soybean plant considerably
increased by soil application of Mo ranged from
2.5 to 10 ppm. The highest average was obtained at 7.5 ppm
Mo.
- 121 -
2- The nodules number and nodules dry weight of soybean
increased due to Mo fertilization especially at the rage
of 7.5 ppm Mo.
3- Molybdenum application to soybean plants significantly
increased the total N content in plant and the greatest
amount of N was accumulated in plants at 7.5 ppm Mo.
4- The total uptake of Mn by soybean plant was greatly enhanced
by soil application of Mo, in particulara.t 7.5 ppm Mo.
(B) Peanut
1- Soil application of Mo to peanut plant resulted in a remarkable
stimulation of plant growth. The highest dry matter
yield was produced by peanut paInts received 5 ppm Mo.
2- Nodulation of peanut plant as represented by nodules number
and nodules dry weight showed a great response to Mo application
particulary at 5 ppm.
3- Total N contents of peanut plant, including uptake N from
soil and fixed N by root nodules, were enhanced by Mo
application, in particular at 5 ppm.
4- Total accumulation of Mn in peanut plant was greatly
increased by Mo ”application, particularly at 7.5 ppm, indicating
the Mo exerted a synergetic effect on Mn absorption
and translocation.
Finally, the reqUirements of soybean plant, under the
conditions of sandy clay loam soil, to Mo was higher than to
Mn and vice versa for peanut plant.