الفهرس 
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Abstract
. Effect of SomeNutrients and Methods of Application on The
Yield and Quality of ; Flax. (Linumusitatissimum, L.)
The yield am Quality of Flax
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect
of nitrogen fertilizer levels, nitrogen forms aDi methods of
fertilizer application as well as the effect of SOIll!l micronutrients
on the yield and quality of flax. This study was
conducted at Bahtim Agricultural Research Station, KalUbiB
Governorate d~~ing 1977/78. 1978/79 aDi 1979/80 seasons. ~wo
experiments were carried out in each season.
The soil of the experiments was clay loam, with a
pH value of about 8.3 and contained about 1.92 % organic matter.
A split-plot design with four replications was used for all
experiments. The sise of the sub-plot was 8.4 m
2
(J.5 x 2.4 m)
•• 1/500 fad. The seeding rate was 65 kg/fad. in each experiment
in the three seasons. Flax cultivar Giza 4 was used in this
investigation. The first experiment included 12 treatments
which were the combination of three Napplication methods am
four Nfertilizer levels.
Napplication methods were: soil appl:W.ation, soil
spray and foliar spray.
Nlevels were: Zez:o”.10. 20 am 30 kg/fad.
Characters studied
a. straw charaoters: plant height, techniea1 length and
straw yield (kg/fad.).
b. Seed characters: number of fruiting branches,number of
oapsules/plant, seed index, seed yield (kg/fad.), oil percentage
and oil yield (kg/fad.).
d. Fiber characters: fiber yield (kg/fad.), fiber percentage
and fiber fineness.
The second experiment included 24 treatments which
were the combination of three forms of nitrogen fertilizer and
8 treatments of micro-nutrients.
Nitrogen fertilizer forms were: ammonium sulphate
(20.5 % N), ammonium nitrate with lime (33.5 % N) and urea
(46 % N). Nitrogen level was 30 kg N/fad.
Micro-nutrient treatments were: Control, Zn, Cu, Mn,
Zn + cu, Zn + ~m,Cu + Mn and Zn + Cu + 1ill1.
Micro-nutrients were sprayed twice at a concentration
ot 0.1 %. T~e first spray was done at a rate of 300 l/fad. at
43 days from sowing and the second spray was at a rate of 600
I/fad. at 64 days from sowing.
Amounts of Mic~o-nutrients applied were:
3.927 kg/fad. of ZnS04,7H20 (Zn).
3.534 kg/fed. of CUS04, 5H20 (cu)’,
1.412 kg/fad. of MnS0
4
• H20 (Mn).
!rhese amounts were applied when these nutrients were” used in
81Dgle ar in mixed application as well.
Four plant sample s were ta;cen in the secord am third
experimental seasons at 42; 63, 84 and 165 days from sowing
far dry weight determination and chemical analysis,
All data mentioned in the former experiment were also
reoarded here in:addition to ary weight/plant and estimation
of N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn contents. Results could be summar1zed
as follows:
J’IRST EXPlRlMENl’
I. ~ct of .methods of nitrogen application
N application methods had no significant effect on
plant height, technical length, straw yield, number of fruiting
branches per plant’ number of capsules/plant, seed ;index,
seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, fiber percentage, fiber
fineness and fiber vyield in the three seasons, except the
latter character which was favourably affected by soil application
and soil spray in the thir4 season only.
Generally, soil application could be recommended as
an efficier-t method of N applicatio~,
SECONDEXPERIMENr
I. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer forms
1. :Plant height, techninal length am straw yield were not
significantly affected by Nforms in the three seasons.
,
2. Ncarriers had no significant effect on number of fru.iting
branches, number of capsules/plant, Beed index, s
seed yield, oil percentage and oil yield,
J. The t hr-e e Ncarriers, used were of similar effect on
fiber yield, fiber fineness and fiber percentage,
It could be concluded that amid, ammoniumand nitrate
are equally effective as nitrogen fertilizers for flax, graon
in Egypt.
II. Effect of micro-nutrient.s
1. Plant height, technic a1 length and straw yie ld were not
significantly affected by micro-nutrient treatment s in the
three seasons.
2. Treatments including Mneither alone or in combinations
with Cu>+ Zn were superior to other treatments in their
effect on the number of fruiting branches plant and number
of capsules/plant.
J. Mioro-nutrients showedno significant effect on seed yield
am seed index in the three seasons.
4. Oil percentage and oil yield signif’i) antly increased when
Mnand Cu were applied either alone or in combinations.
5. Fiber fineness was signifioahtly affected by ”micronutrients
specially Cu whenapplied either alone or in
combination with Zn and Mn. Fiber yield and fiber percentage
were not affected by micro-nutrient application.
III. Interact~cn effect
There was no signif’ican1i ~1ietIIIeS1Nfcl!m&”:d·”’onutrients
on all characters studied in the three seasons.
IV. Dry weight
1. Dry weight/plant was signif’icantly affected by 1~forms
during the different stages of growth in both seasons of
det erminat ion.
2. Micro-nutrient application had significant effect OD dry
weight/plant and seed weight/plant in both seasons. The
highest dry weight were obtained \”benZn and Mnwere applied
either alone or in combinationlJ, whereas the highest
seed dry weights weN given by Mnand Cu either alone
or in cambinations.
3. Dry weight/plant was sign1ficantly affected ’by the interaction
between B forms and Illioro-nu;trient s at 63 days in
both season and at 84 days in 1978/79 season. also, seed dryy
weight/plabt was significantly affeoted by that interaction
in both seasons.
V. Chemical content:
a. nNitrogen co~teni
1. lIhere was no olear trend forthe superiority of a certain
li oarrier on Nperoentage and Noontent in’·plant and seed.
2. Npel’ClEltltagime reased significantly as a result of micronutrient
applioation. Best results were obtained WhenZn,
Cu and MIl were applied in combinations.
3. The interaction between N forms and micro-nutrients had
a significant effect on Noontent at 63 and 165 days in
1978/79 and at 63, 84 and 165 days in 1979/80. Seed N
content was also affected”by this interaotion in 1978/79
only.
b. Phosphorus oontent
1. N forms were iDgenera1 of equal eff’:l.cienoy on P percentage
in flax plant at different gr \wth stages.
At harvest, P content of plant and seed was f’aYou:--
rably affected with urea in 1979/80 season While the three
forms gave a similar effect in 1978/79 season.
2. Kic”o-nutrient app1:lcation caused an increase’ in P
both seaBon ani at 84 days in 1978/79 season. also, seed dry’S
weight/plabt was significantly affected by that interacti.on
in both seasons.
V. Chemical.contents
a.. nNitrogen c0!1ten~
1. ~ere Viasno clear trena forthe superiority of a certain
:tl carrier on Npercentage and Ncontent in’ .plant afJd seed.
2. Npe~abs imreased significantly as a rewlt of micronutrient
application. Best results were obtained when Zn,
Cu and Mnwere applied in combinations.
J. The interaction between N forms ani mic~o-nutr:iSnts had
a significant effeot on Ncontent at 63 and 165 days in
1978/79 ani at 63, 84 ani 165 days in 1979/80. Seed N
content VlSSalso affected”by this interact1.on in 1978/79
only.
b. Phosphorus content
1. N forms were ingeneral of equal efficiencY’ on P percentage
in flax plant at different gr \wth stages.
At harvest, l’ content of plant and seed wa. fa.OI1~·
rably affected with urea in 1979/80 season wh1.lethe three
forms gave a similar effect in 1978/79 season.
2. MicI1o-nutr1.entapplication caused an increase’ in P
percentage in flax at different growth stages as well ael
at harvest in both seasons, while micro-nutrient application
increased P percentage in seed only in 1978/79
season.
3. The interaction between N forms and micro-nutrient shad
a significantly effect on P content at 63, 84 and 165
days frOE sowing in 1978/79 and at 63 and 165 days in
1979/80. Also P content in seeds was significantly influenced
by the interact ion between N forms and mieronutriento
in both seasons.
c. Pota8s11lillcontent
1. K content in”.plant and seed was favourably affected by
ammoniumnitrate in 1978/79 season, whereas wuree.was
more effective in 1979/80 at later stages of growth.
2. Micro-nutrient application had no effecton K percentage
in seed in 1978/19 and 1979/80 seasons. In general, all
micro-nutrient treatDllnts increased Kuptake as compared
with the control as a result of increasing dry matter
content.
3. Kuptake by flax plants was s18nificptly affected by N
forms x micro-nutrient interaction at 63, 84 and 165 clays
in 1978/79 season. K content in seeds was significantly
affected by this interaction 1D both seasons.
d. ~i!lc content
1. N forme had no clear effeot on Zn conoentration in plant
but Zn content {ug/plant} respo11ded to N farms as a reault
of an increase in dry matter content.
2. Zn conoentration was affected by micro-nutrient application.
The highest Zn concentration at 165 d~Y8was obtained
frOl1l plant streated with Zn + Cu in 1978/79 aM Zn +
Mnin 1979/80 seaeons. MicrQ-nutrient application
encou::::agedthe uptake of Zn by flax.
3. Zn conter ..t ’.11 flax was significantly affected by the 11\t
interaotion ·~twedn N forms and micro-nutrients at 63 and
165 dayF. i~ ~~78/79 and at 63, 84 and 165 days in 1979/80
season. Also Zn content in seed was significantlTaffect~~
by this interaction in 1978/79 season only.
e. Conpp~ content
1. Cu co’lcentration was markedlr af:tected by N torms in both
seasons. A~onium nitrate an1 urea eMouraged Cu uptake
by flax.
2. The h;.p;l:est Cu concentrations were observed when Cu -.
applied either alone or in combinations with Zn and Mn.
). Micro-nutrients ingeneral am Cu in particu.lar markedly
1ntluenced Cu uptake by flax.