الفهرس 
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Abstract
SIMMARY
Response of Some Sugar Beet Varieties to Potassium and
Magnesium Fertilization
Two field experiments were carried out in Sakha Agricultural
Researcn Station, at Kafr EI Sheikh Governorate during 1996/97
and 1997/98 seasons, to study the response of three sugar beet
varieties to potassium and magnesium fertilization.
The experiments were laid out in a split split-plot design with
four replications in the two seasons. Each experiment included 27
treatments which were the combination between:
• Three sugar beet varieties namely; Kawemira, Plena and
Top.
• Thr~e potassium levels; zero, 24 and 48 kg K20/fad.
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• Three magnesium levels; zero, 9 and 18 kg MgO/fad.
The area of the sub-sub plot was 10.5 m2 with six ridges.
Sugar beet seeds were planted in hills 20 em apart. Sowing date
was on 15 and 21 October in 1996/97 and 1997/98 seasons
respectively. Harvesting was done after 190 days from planting.
Nitrogen at a rate of 90kg N/fad was applied in the form of
ammonium nitrate (33.5% N). P at rate of 15.5 kg P20s/fad was
applied in the form of calcium super phosphate (15.5°/0 PzOs). K in
the form of potassium sulphate (48%K20). Mg in the form of
maqnesium SUlphate (49% MgO). P fertilizer was added in one
application during seedbed preparation. Meanwhile levels of K and
Mg as well as N fertilizers were added at two equal doses, one
after thinning and before the first irrigation and the other before the
second irrigation.
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Cultural practices were followed as recommended for the
region at appropriate dates. Data on growth characters!
physiological characters, root characters, yield characters,
technological characters and impurities were recorded.
The results of the combined analysis of both seasons could
be summarized as follows:
I. Growth Measurements:
1. Number of leaves per plant was significantly affected by
varieties. Top! Kawemira and Plena gave 20.69! 21.59 and
22.15 leaves/plant respectively. Pleno was significantly more
leafy as compared with Kawemira which significantly surpassed
Top.
2. Top ~ariety surpassed significantly Kawemira and Plena in
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leaf area/plant without significant difference between the two
later varieties. Results showed that there was no relevance
between leaf area index and sugar beet varieties.
3. Top, Kawemira and Plena were significantly different in their
root lengths. Top was of the shortest root (25.50 cm compared
with Kawemira (26.17 em) and Plena (26.05 em), without
significant difference between Kawemira and Plena. Whereas!
results showed that Plena was of the highest root diameter
(6.90 cm) followed by Kawemira (6.82 cm) then Top (6.70 cm).
4. Top had the heaviest fresh and dry weight of leaves per plant
and that both Kawemira and Pleno had nearly similar fresh and
dry weight of leaves /plant.
5. Top, Kawemira and Plena did not significantly differ in their
root fresh and dry weight /plant as well as total fresh and dry
weight Iplant.
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6. Number of leaves Iplant of sugar beet significantly increased
with the increase in potassium application from 0 to 24 and 48
kg K20/fad.
7. Leaf area per plant increased significantly due to increasing
potassium application levels from 0 to 24 and 48 kg K20/fad.
These increase were 3.56 and 5.56 cm2 for the two mentioned
a.pplication levels of potassium, respectively, as compared with
tile control treatment.
8. Root length increased significantly as potassium fertilizer
level incre •• ed from 0 to 24 and 48 kg K20/fad. Such increase
was 0.98 and 1.35 cm as a result of the application of 24 and 48
kg K20/fad, respectively.
9. Incre~sing potassium fertilizer from 0 to 24 and 48 kg K20/fad
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significantly increased root diameter of sugar beet plant by 0.19
and 0.36 cm as compared with the control
10. Fresh and dry weight of leaves per plant significantly
increased as potassium level increased.
11. The fresh and dry weight of sugar beet root were increased
significantly with increasing potassium application and the
highest root fresh and dry weight was obtained when potassium
was applied at the rate of 48 kg K20/fad.
12. Potassium fertilizer application significantly increased total
fresh and dry weight of sugar beet plant and the highest level
i.e, 48 kg K20/fad produced the highest amount of dry matter in
plant.
13. Number of leaves Iplant of sugar beet significantly increased
with the increase of magnesium application from 0 to 9 and 18
kg MgO/fad.
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14. Increasing magnesium application to sugar beet plant
significantly increased leaf area per plant and the highest leaf
area/plant was obtained when magnesium was applied at 18 kg
MgO/fad. Whereas, leaf area index was not significantly
affected by the application of magnesium.
15. Root length of sugar beet plant was significantly increased
when magnesium application was increased from 0 to 9 and 18
I<g MgO/fad.
16. Increasing magnesium application to sugar beet plant up to 9
I<g MgO/fad caused a significant increase in root diameter but
further increase up to 18 kg MgO/fad caused a significant
reductfn.
17. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of root
and total fresh and dry weight of pl,~nt were significantly
increased with the increase in magnesium application up to 18
kg MgO/fad.
18. There was a significant effect for the interaction between
varieties and potassium fertilizer levels on the total fresh weight
of sugar beet plant. The greatest total fresh weight of sugar
beet plant was obtained by growing Pleno variety under the
application of 48 kg K20/fad.
1s. There was a significant effect for the interaction between
varieties and magnesium fertilizer levels on the total fresh
weight of sugar beet plant. The greatest total fresh weight of
plant was obtained by grOWing Kawemira under the application
of 18 kg MgO/fad.
20. The interaction between potassium fertilizer levels and
magnesium fertilizer levels was statistically significant on:
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Number of leaves of sugar beet plant, leaves area of sugar beet
plant, dry weight of leaves of sugar beet plant
The highest values of the previous characters were recorded
by the combination of 48 kg K20/fad + 18 kg MgO/fad.
II. Some physiological characters:
1. The three tested varieties significantly differed in their specific
leaf area where Kawemira gave the highest value (0.97) and
Pleno fhad the Lowest specific leaf area (0.95) and Top was in
between (0.96).
, ,
2. The three tested varieties did not significantly differ in their
net assimilation rate, relative growth rate as well as the crop
growth rate.
3. Results revealed that there were significant differences
among varieties in their total chlorophyll content.
4. There was a significant increase in the specific leaf area by
increasing the application of potassium fertilizer up to 48.
5. Potassium application up to 48 kg K20/fad did not
significantly increase most of the tested physiological
characters of sugar beet plant namely; net assimilation rate,
relative growth rate, crop growth rate and total chlorophyll.
6. There was a significant increase in the mean value of specific
leaf area by increasing the application of magnesium up to 18
kg MgO/fad.
7. The average values of net assimilation rate, relative growth
rate. crop growth rate and Total chlorophyll were not
significantly affected by the application of 9 and 18 kg MgO/fad.
8. The effect of the interaction between varieties and potassium
fertilizer on the specific leaf area, net assimilation rate, relative
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growth rate, crop growth rate and total chlorophyll of sugar beet
plant was not statistically significant.
9. The effect of interaction between varieties and magnesium
tertilizer levels on specific leaf area, net assimilation rate,
relative growth rate, crop growth rate and total chlorophyll was
not statistically significant.
10. The effect of potassium fertilizer levels with magnesium
fertilizer levels on specific leaf area, net assimilation rate,
relative growth rate, crop growth rate and total chlorophyll of
sugar beet plant was not statistically significant.
III. Root characters:
1. Varieties were significantly differ in their root length at
harvest.
2. Diffe~ences among varieties in root weight and root diameter
were not significant, whereas, significant differences among
varieties in root length were obtained. Plena produced the •I
longest length followed by Top and Kawemira in a descending
order.
). Root diameter significantly increased when potassium
application level was increased from 0 to 24 and 48 kg K20/fad.
~. Increasing potassium application level from 0 to 24 and 48 kg
K20/fad caused a significant increase in root weight of sugar
beet plant. 7’ Increasing magnesium application level from 0 to 9 and 18 kg
MgO/fad increased root length and root diameter of sugar beet
plant.
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6. Root weight of sugar beet at harvest increased significantly
and continuously when magnesium fertilizer was increased from
a to 9 and 18 kg MgO/fad.
7. The effect of the interaction of between varieties and K levels
on root weight, root length, and root diameter at harvesting time
was not statistically significant.
8. The effect of the interaction between varieties and
magnesium fertilizer levels on root weight, root diameter and
root length was not statistically significant.
9. The effect of the interaction between potassium fertilizer
levels with magnesium fertilizer levels on root weight, root
length and root diameter was not statistically significant.
IV. Yield and yield components:
1. Varieties did not significantly differ in top yield and sugar yield
(ton/fad).
2. Varieties exhibited significant differences in root yield and
bioloqical yield. Kawemira variety significantly yielded out the
other two varieties with an average root yield of 18.63 ton/fad.
’Nhile the lowest root yield resulted from Plena variety with an
average yield of 17.94 ton/fad.
3. Plena surpassed both Top and Kawemira in leaves /root ratio
and Kawemira variety had the lowest leaves /root ratio.
4. There was a significant decrease in top yield and leaf Iroot
/ ratio by increasing potassium fertilizer level from zero up to 48
kg K20/fad.
/5. Increasing potassium fertilizer application levels from 0to 24
and 48 kg K20/fad caused significant increase in root yield Ifad.
f~
(
I
, ,
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Such increases were 1.28 and 3.26 ton/fad as compared with
the control treatment.
6. The biological yield of sugar beet significantly increased with
increasing potassium application up to 48 kg K20/fad.
). Increasing potassium fertilizer levels from a to 24 and 48 kg
K20/fad significantly increased sugar yield by 9.3 and 21.4%
respe9tively, over the check treatment.
8. The ’maximum root yield (18.68 ton/fad) was obtained under
the application of 18 kg MgO/fad. Wh~reas! there was no
significant difference in top yield of sugar beet as a result of
increasing magnesium application.
9. Magnesium fertilizer significantly increased biological yield of
sugar beet plant and the highest biological yield was obtained
by the application of 18 kg MgO/fad.
10. Increasing magnesium fertilization to sugar beet plants from 0
to 9 and 18 kg MgO/fad significantly decreased leaves Iroot
ratio.
)J. Magnesium fertilizer application at the rate of 9 kg MgO/fad
significantly increased sugar yield by 4.7% as compared with
the control treatme nt.
12. The effect of the interaction between varieties with potassium
fertilizer levels was significant on root, biological and sugar
yields. The highest values of the previous characters were
recorded by growing Kawemira variety under the application of
48 kg K20/fad.
1:~. The effect of the interaction between varieties and
magnesium fertilizer levels on top yield, root yield, biological
yield and sugar yield was not significant.
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14. There was a significant effect for the interaction between
potassium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer on root yield. The
highest values of root yield was recorded by the combination of
48 kg K20/fad + 9 kg MgO/fad.
V. Technological characters:
1. Varieties did not significantly differ in T.S.S%, sucrose%,
purity<%and extractlonss.
~. Increasing potassium fertilizer application from 0 to 24 and 48
k.gK20/fad caused a significant increase in T.S.S.
3. Sucrose %, purity % and extraction % were not significantly
affected by potassium application.
4. T.S.S%, sucrose % and extraction % were not significantly
affected by the application of different levels of magnesium
fl9rtiliz,r.
/. Purity % of sugar beet plant significantly increased when
magnesium fertilizer level raised from 0 to 9 kg MgO/fad. , I
6. Total soluble solids percentage, sucrose percentage, purity
percentage and extraction percentage were not significantly
attected by varieties.
7. T.S.soJO, sucrose %, purity% and extraction% were not
significantly affected by K x Mg levels.
8. The effect of the interaction between potassium and
magnesium fertilizers on T.S.S%, sucrosess, puritYO/oand
extractlonx was not statistlcally significant.
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VI. Impurities (sodium, potassium and a-amino·nitrogen
contenU;,
1. Differences among varieties in impurity components in terms
of Na and K content were not significant.
With regard to a-amino-nitrogen results indicated that
varieties differed significantly in a-amino-nitrogen. Pleno variety
had the highest mean values.
2. Differences among potassium fertilizer levels in impurity
components in terms of Na, K and a-amino-nitrogen were not
significant.
3. Increasing magnesium fertilizer levels up to 9 kg MgO/fad
increased significantly Na content and a-amino-nitrogen but
had no effect on K content.
4. The effect of the interaction of varieties with potassium
fertilizer levels on Na, K and a-amino-nitrogen was not
significant.
5. Varieties acted independently under the different levels of
rnagn9sium fertilizer in affecting onl Na, K and a-ami nonitrogen.
6. The effect of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on Na, K , .~ ,
and a-amino-nitrogen was not significant.