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Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increased demand for using plants in
therapy “back to nature” instead of using synthetic drugs which may have adverse effects that may be more dangerous than the disease itself and we wash to spread the utilization of medicinal herbs in veterinary medicine. Many effects have been described for the seeds of Nigella sativa and their constituents including its antioxidant role and immunostimulant effect
In view of these findings, this study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect and anthilmentic action of Nigella Sativa
This study is planned on two separate experiments .
Experiment I: Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella Sativa L.
This experiment was carried out on 15 blady mature goats (1-1.5 year old), they were apparently clinically health and free from internal and external parasites.
Those goats were divided to 3 equal groups as following:
• Group1: 1st group received Nigella Sativa Linn seeds powder 200 mg/kg b. wt. Suspended in water and taken orally daily for 4 weeks and vaccinated with sheeppox vaccine at first day of treatment.
• Group2: 2nd group vaccinated with sheeppox vaccine only in the first day of experiment
• Group3: 3rd group used as control not vaccinated or treated with Nigella Sativa Linn seeds
Blood samples were collected separately from each animal at 0 day (before treatment) and at the 7th, 15th and 21st of treatment which used for haematological studies (PCV%, Hb concentration, total RBCs count, total and differentional WBCs ), PA (phagocytic activity) and PI (phagocytic index) and LTT. Serum used for some biochemical tests including (serum ALT and AST activities, urea and creatinine levels, total protein, albumin and globulin, serum calcium, phosphorous and iron), collection of serum for detection of antibodies of sheep pox was carried out in day 7th , 14th ,21st ,28th and 35th of experiment.
The obtained results revealed
Cell mediated immunity: the obtained results showed high significant enhancement in value of LTT in goats that treated with Nigella sativa powder and vaccinated with sheeppox vaccine followed by the group that vaccinated with sheeppox vaccine only. Also the same observation was recorded for Phagocytic Activity and Phagocytic index
Humeral immune response: the results showed that high significant decrease in antibodies titer of sheep pox in vaccinated goats administrated with Nigella sativa powder when compared with vaccinated only group
Haematological studies: results of haemogram revealed that a significant increase in Hb concentration, PCV value and RBCs count in goats vaccinated and treated with Nigella Sativa, while WBCs count showed nonsignificant increase in this group when compared with goats vaccinated only. On the other hand differential leukocytic count showed significant increase in lymphocyte % and significant decrease in neutrophile % but nonsignificant change of momcyt, eosenophile and basocyte in both groups (vaccinated and treated with Nigella Sativa group and vaccinated only group) when compared with control group.
Serum biochemical analysis: the results showed that non significant change in values of total protein, albumin or globulin between groups or with time along the experimental period. Also there were non significant change of ALT and AST activities for all groups with the time, but there were significant decrease in ALT and AST activities for Group1 from 14th day of experiment (in comparison with other groups ). As well there was non significant vary in creatinine value with time for all groups, however presence of significant decrease of serum urea value with time for Group1 beginning from 7th day of experiment. With regard to serum calcium and phosphorous values there were significant increase in serum calcium and phosphorous values with time in Group1 showed highest value at 7th and 14th day after that return to be non significant with control Group3 group. Also the data showed that significant in serum iron value with time in Group1 showed highest value at 14th day significant increase in serum iron value for Group1 when compared with other groups especially at 14th and 21st day of experiment.
Experiment II: Anthelmintic effect of Nigella Sativa Linn.
This experiment was carried out on 34 blady sheep 50 kg average body weight were divided according fecal examination into
Group I 10 sheep were apparently healthy and free from internal parasites used as control group
Group II 24 sheep were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichostrongyloidea family ) which subdivided into 3 equal groups 8 sheep in each one according to the drug used :
1. 1st group(albendazol group) treated orally by a single dose of albendazol 2.5% at rate of 2ml/ 10 kg b.w.
2. 2nd group (NS group) treated with Nigella Sativa powder 1g /kg bwt. Suspended in water and taken orally as single dose.
3. 3rd group (mixed group) treated with combination of albendazol and Nigella Sativa powder as a single dose of albendazol 2.5% at rate of 2ml/ 10 kg b.w. and a single dose of Nigella Sativa powder 1g /kg bwt.
Fecal and blood samples were collected and examined before treatment and after one, two and three weeks of treatment.
The obtained results revealed
Fecal examination: The result showed the number of EPG feces before and after treatment, revealed significant difference between the group of NS and other two groups in first two weeks but there were non significant difference in third week after treatment between all treated groups.
Haematological studies: results of haemogram revealed that the values of PCV%, Hb concentration and RBCs count were significantly decreased in infested sheep while WBCs count was significantly increased when compared with control free from internal parasite group, but those haemogram values were returned gradually to be normal after treatment with the best results for mixed group
Differential leukocytic count:The present results showed that significant increase in neutrophile and eosenophil while significant decrease in lymphocyte and nonsignificant change in basophile and monocyte in infested group when compared with control group, this disturbance in leukogram tended to return to normal after treatment in all group with the best results for mixed group.
Serum biochemical analysis: It was found that the value of total protein and albumin were significantly decrease in infested group, while the globulin value non significant change. After treatment this values returned to normal in all treated groups. Also there were significant increase in liver function (AST and ALT) in infested group which returned to normal values after treatment for all treated groups with best result for NS group. Kidney function (urea and creatinine) likely showed significant increase in infested group that returned to normal values after treatment in all treated group, the NS group showed the beast results. In addition serum phosphorus, calcium and iron revealed significant decrease in infested group but they returned gradually to normal values after treatment in all treated groups with the best result for mixed group.