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Abstract
Brucellosis is primarily a disease of domestic animals causing abortion so it is considered one of the most serious of the current public health problems. Brucellosis in Egypt is still one of the most serious problems facing animal production so this placed it on the top priorities for control program.
A total of 670 animal and human blood samples were collected from different localities in New Valley Governorate. Serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep, goat and camel in the following numbers; 180 blood samples for each cattle and sheep and 100 blood samples for each goat and camel. In addition to 77 milk samples were collected from these animals; 15 cattle, 16 sheep, 36 goats and 10 camels. The collected samples were examined by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), tube agglutination test (TAT) and Rivanol test (RT).
Concerning human samples, a total of 110 blood serum samples were collected and examined by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), tube agglutination test (TAT) and Rivanol test (RT). The serologically positive samples were retested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Serological examination of blood samples revealed that the prevalence of brucellosis among cattle by using RBPT, BAPAT, TAT and RT was 10.56%, 7.78%, 7.22% and 7.22%, respectively distributed in different localities in New Valley Governorate as follow; El-Hendaw (25%, 18.75%, 15.63% & 15.63%), El-Farafra (18.18%, 12.12%, 12.12% & 12.12%), Gharb El-Mouhoub (12.5%, 12.5%, 8.33% & 8.33%), Mout (8.33%, 8.33%, 8.33% & 8.33%) and El-Qasr (6.25%, 0%, 6.25% & 6.25%), brucella could not be detected in El-Rashda and El-Owinat. The infection was higher in female (13.08%, 10%, 9.23% & 9.23%) than males (4%, 2%, 2% & 2%). Moreover, the majority of infection was at age 4-5 years(31.25%, 31.25%, 25% & 25%) followed by age 6m-1year (25%, 25%, 25% & 25%), then age 6-7 years (20%, 6.67%, 6.67% & 6.67%); age3-4 years(11.11%, 4.44%, 4.44% & 4.44%); age 2-3years (7.32%, 7.32%, 7.32% &7.32%) and 5-6 years (5%, 5%, 5% & 5%), the lower prevalence was observed at age 1-2 years (4%, 4%, 4% & 4%).
In sheep the seroprevalence of brucellosis by using RBPT, BAPAT, TAT & RT was 3.89%, 2.78%, 2.22% and 2.22%, respectively, in different localities; El-Hendaw (10%, 7.5%, 7.5% & 7.5%) ), El-Farafra (6.67%, 6.6%, 3.33% & 3.33%) and Gharb El-Mouhoub (5.26%, 0%, 0% & 0%), while Brucella could not be detected in El-Rashda, Mout, El-Owinat and El-Qasr. The higher prevalence was observed among females (5.31%, 4.42%, 3.54% & 3.54%) than males (1.49%, 0%, 0% & 0%). In addition, brucellosis was higher at age >48 m (8%, 4%, 4% & 4%) followed by age 27-30 m (6.67% ,6.67%, 0% & 0%) then age 36-48 m (5.77%, 5.77%, 5.77% & ,5.77%) and age 21-24 m (4%, 0%, 0% & 0%) and could not be detected at age <12 m, 15-18 m and age 33-36 m.
The prevalence of brucellosis among the examined goats by using RBPT, BAPAT, TAT & ,RT was 7%, 7%, 6% and 6%, respectively distributed in localities as follow ; El-Hendaw (15%, 15%, 15% & 15%), El-Qasr (12.5%, 12.5%, 12.5% & ,12.5%), Gharb El-Mouhoub ( 10%, 10%, 10% &10% ) and El-Farafra (9.09%, 9.09%, 4.55% & 4.55% ) and could not be detected in El-Rashda, Mout, El-Owinat. High prevalence was observed in females (10.77%, 10.77%, 9.23% & 9.23%) while brucellosis could not be detected in males. The majority of infection was detected at age 15-18 m (14.29%, 0%, 0% & 0%) followed by age 27-30 m (12%, 12%, 12% & 12%) then age >48 m (11.11%, 11.11%, 11.11% & 11.11%); age 21-24 m (9.09%, 9.09%, 9.09% & 9.09%); age 36-48 m (7.69%, 7.69%, 7.69% & 7.69%) and age 33-36 m (0%, 4%, 0% & 0%), while Brucella could not be detected at age <12 m.
Brucellosis could not be detected in camels in New Valley Governorate.
Examination of milk sera by using RBPT, BAPAT, TAT & ,RT revealed that the prevalence of brucellosis was higher in cattle (6.6%, 6.67%, 6.67% & 6.67%) followed by sheep (6.25%, 0%, 0% & 0%) then goat(2.78%, 0%, 0%,0%), respectively. Brucella could not be detected in camel milk sera.
The results of human screening by using RBPT, TAT & RT revealed a prevalence of brucellosis with rates of 8.18%, 7.27% and 5.45%, respectively. The majority of human cases occurred in butchers (16.67%, 0% & 0%); veterinary attendants (14.29%, 14.29% & 14.29%), housewives (13.89%, 13.89% & 8.33%), veterinarians (12.5%, 12.5% & 0%), children (0%, 0% & 6.67%) and farmers (4.55%, 4.55% & 4.55%). The prevalence was higher in females (9.09%, 9.09% & 5.45%) than males(7.27%, 5.45% & 5.45%). The human age–wise was found maximum at age group 21-40 years (11.11%, 9.52% & 6.35%) followed by age 6-20 years (8.33%, 8.33% & 8.33%) then age 41-60 years (5.56%, 5.56% & 5,56%) and could not be detected at age group <6yearsand >40 years. brucellosis was observed in rural areas (10%, 8.89% & 6.67%) and could not be detected in urban areas.
The serological human positive serum samples (10 samples) were retested by ELISA and revealed that 9 samples were positive for brucellosis.