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Abstract
Neonatal hypothyroidism (NH) is decreased thyroid hormone production in a newborn. In very rare cases, no thyroid hormone is produced. It is one of the most common preventable causes of mentalretardation.It occurs in approximately 1 in 3500-5000 infants worldwide. it is twice as common in females as in males. In Egypt, It occures in approximately 1-2020 infant. In Menoufiya governorate, prevalence rate is 1-3300.This study aims at studying prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism in Menoufiya governorate, studying the risk factors of neonatal hypothyroidism and studying the KAP of the mothers regarding neonatal hypothyroidism.Two districts were randomly selected (Quesna & Berket El-sabaa).Fifty hypothyroid children from the records of the health centres were taken. One hundred healthy controls were randomly selected from paediatric clinics of the general hospitals of both districts. Data were collected through a pre-designed questionnaire including the personal data of parents and the chid, socioeconomic level, risk factors for neonatal hypothyroidism, and KAP of the parents about NH.Results revealed that with regard to the family history of hypothyroidism, it was significantly higher among patients (8%) than controls (0%).